Pulmonary II

Question 1

Measures the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled to evaluate a broad range of lung diseases

Answer 1

spirometry

Question 2

Reasons for spirometry test (5):

Answer 2

• diagnose lung diseases (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema)
• cause of SOB
• chemicals at work
• check lung function before surgery
• see affect of meds and progress

Question 3

The amount of air inspired during normal, relaxed breathing

about 500 ml

Answer 3

tidal volume

Question 4

the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

Answer 4

inspiratory reserve volume

3.1 L

Question 5

the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

Answer 5

expiratory reserve volume

1.2L

Question 6

the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume is exhaled

Answer 6

residual volume

1.2L

Question 7

the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs

Answer 7

total lung capacity

6L

Question 8

the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling

Answer 8

vital capacity

4.8 L

Question 9

the maximum amount of air that can be inspired

Answer 9

inspiratory capacity

3.6 L

Question 10

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

Answer 10

functional residual capacity

about 2.4L

Question 11

volume of gas exhaled in one second by a forced expiration from full expiration

Answer 11

FEV1

Question 12

the percent of forced vital capacity that is exhaled in the first second

Answer 12

normal FEV1/FVC ratio

80%

Question 13

• involves difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs
• because of damage to the lungs or narrowing of airways inside lungs, air comes out more slowly than normal
• at end of full exhalation, abnormally high amount of air still linger in the lungs

Answer 13

obstructive lung disease

like pink puffers

Question 14

• results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs
• stiffness of chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves may cause restriction in lung expansion

Answer 14

restrictive lung disease

Question 15

• the FEV1 is reduced due to obstruction of air escaping from the lungs
• FEV1/FVC ratio is <70%

Answer 15

obstructive disease

Question 16

the FEV1 and FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology

the ratio should be approximately normal, or increased

FEV1 > 80%

Answer 16

restrictive disease

Question 17

Answer 17

chronic obstructive disease

Question 18

Arterial blood gas measures: (4)

Answer 18

• pH
• pO2
• pCO2
• HCO3

Question 19

test used to determine gas exchange which reflects gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane

Answer 19

arterial blood gas

Question 20

If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, supplemental oxygen should be administered.

If PaO2 < ______ mmHg, the patient is at risk of death and must be oxygenated immediately.

Answer 20

60 mmHg

26 mmHg

Question 21

In an ABG, ______ indicates whether a metabolic problem is present.

Answer 21

bicarbonate

Question 22

The ______ is an indicator of CO2 production and elimination.

Answer 22

paCO2

Question 23

a low paCO2 indicates _______, or overventilation.

Answer 23

hypocapnia

Question 24

Normal ABG pH

Answer 24

7.35 - 7.45

Question 25

Normal pCO2 is:

Answer 25

35-45

Question 26

Normal pO2 is:

Answer 26

80-100

Question 27

Normal HCO3 is:

Answer 27

22-26

Question 28

Normal O2 saturation is:

Answer 28

95-100%

Question 29

ABG indications: (5)

Answer 29

* diagnosis of lung diseases: asthma, cystic fibrosis, or COPD * evaluate treatment for lung diseases * determine need for home O2 or vent in ICU * messure acid-base level in the blood

Question 30

Ribs and spine appear ____ in an xray. Lungs appear \_\_\_\_.

Answer 30

light dark

Question 31

* Shows size, shape, and position of lungs and other structures in chest * finds the cause of lung symptoms, such as SOB or chest pain * diagnoses tumors, excess fluid around lungs, or pulmonary embolism

Answer 31

CT of chest

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a procedure that allows for visualization of the upper and lower airways by way of a bronchoscope.

Answer 32

Bronchoscopy

Question 33

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may be done to diagnose problems with the airway, the lungs, or with the lymph nodes in the chest, or to treat problems such as an object or growth in the airway.

Answer 33

Bronchoscopy

Question 34

\_\_\_\_\_\_ ______ used in the evaluation of airway, diagnosis and staging of carcinoma, evaluation of hemoptysis, biopsies of lung infiltrates, diagnosis of infections, removal of retained secretions.

Answer 34

Flexible bronchoscopy

Question 35

What are contraindications of flexible bronchoscopy?

Answer 35

* severe bronchospasm * bleeding

Question 36

When using bronchoscopy your orientation are the _____ \_\_\_\_\_ which are \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 36

tracheal rings anterior

Question 37

\_\_\_\_ _____ is used in massive bleeding, where extraction of large obstructing objects or main stem bronchus tumors are removed.

Answer 37

Rigid bronchoscopy

Question 38

A type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within patient's lungs in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.

Answer 38

VQ Scan

Question 39

The _____ part of the test looks at the ability of air to reach all parts of the lungs, while the _____ part evaluates how well blood circulates within the lungs.

Answer 39

ventilation perfusion

Question 40

Answer 40

Normal flow volume loop

Question 41

Answer 41

restrictive flow volume loop