Heart

Question 1

Where the right ventricle meets the PA superiorly is the ____ of the heart.

Answer 1

base

Question 2

Right atrium –> ______ valve –> right ventricle

Answer 2

tricuspid

Question 3

right ventricle –> _____ valve –> pulmonary artery

Answer 3

pulmonary

Question 4

During systole, the ventricles are _____.

The aortic valve is ___.

The mitral valve is _____.

Answer 4

contracted

open

closed

Question 5

During diastole, the ventricles are ______.

The aortic valve is ______.

The mitral valve is ______.

Answer 5

relaxed

closed

open

Question 6

Blood flows from the LA to the LV through the _____ valve.

Answer 6

mitral

Question 7

When the LV starts to contract (systole), the ___sound is produced.

Answer 7

1st S1

Question 8

After the LV ejects most of its blood, LV pressure < aorta and the aorta valve shuts which produces the ___heart sound

Answer 8

2nd S2

Question 9

In children and young adults, a ____ ____ _____ arises from a rapid deceleration of the column of blood against the ventricular wall. In older adults, an ___ _____ usually indicates a pathologic change in ventricular compliance.

Answer 9

3rd heart sound

S3 gallop

Question 10

Splitting of heart sounds with S2=

Answer 10

A2 = aortic valve closure and P2 pulmonic valve closure

Question 11

abnormally narrowed valvular orifice that obstructs blood flow and has a very “harsh” characteristic

Answer 11

aortic stenosis

Question 12

What is heard best at the cardiac apex?

Answer 12

mitral valve

Question 13

What is heard best at the lower left sternal border?

Answer 13

tricuspid valve

Question 14

What is heard best at the 2nd and 3rd left interspaces close to the sternum?

Answer 14

pulmonic valve

Question 15

What is heard anywhere from the right 2nd interspace to the apex?

Answer 15

aortic valve

Question 16

atrial depolarization is indicated by the

Answer 16

p wave

Question 17

ventricular depolarization is indicated by

Answer 17

QRS complex

Question 18

ventricular repolarization is indicated by the

Answer 18

t wave

Question 19

Electrical impulse slightly precedes myocardial contraction. True or false?

Answer 19

true

Question 20

the volume of blood ejected from each ventricle in 1 min (product of ____ x ____)

Answer 20

cardiac output (HR X SV)

Question 21

the load that stretches the cardiac muscle before contraction is

Answer 21

preload

Question 22

What increases preload?

Answer 22

• inspiration
• exercise
• CHF

Question 23

What decreases preload?

Answer 23

• exhalation
• decreased LV output
• pooling of blood in capillary bed/venous system

Question 24

What refers to the degree of vascular resistance to ventricular contraction?

Answer 24

afterload

Question 25

Height in the venous column of blood in the internal jugular veins is known as the ____ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_. This also reflects right atrial pressure, an important clinical indicator of cardiac function

Answer 25

jugular venous pressure

Question 26

We want a MET (metabolic equivalent of funct. capacity)

Answer 26

between 3: walking 1-2 blocks 4: raking, gardening

Question 27

humming vibration felt during palpation of the carotid artery

Answer 27

thrills

Question 28

PMI

Answer 28

point of maximal impulse apical impulse

Question 29

for high pitched sounds use the ___ of the stethoscope

Answer 29

diaphragm S1, S2, murmurs, friction rubs

Question 30

for low pitched sounds use ___ of the stethoscope

Answer 30

bell S3 and S4 and mitral stenosis murmur

Question 31

valve is unable to contain blood within the ventricle during systole

Answer 31

mitral regurgitation

Question 32

Diastolic murmurs almost always indicate heart disease. True or false

Answer 32

true

Question 33

Which murmur causes leaflets of valve become thick stiff and distorted because of rheumatic fever?

Answer 33

mitral stenosis

Question 34

Which murmur causes the leaflets of valve fail to close causing volume overload in LV?

Answer 34

aortic regurgitation