Airway Management

Question 1

Airway

Answer 1

passageway by which air enters and leaves the body

Question 2

Glottic Opening

Answer 2

the vocal cords that determines the boundary of upper and lower airway

Question 3

Carina

Answer 3

where the trachea branches and forms two main stream bronchi

Question 4

Intact Muscle Tone

Answer 4

14 different muscle groups that support and keep an open airway

Question 5

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 5

the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages can constrict and reduce in diameter increasing the resistance of airflow

Question 6

Stridor

Answer 6

high pitched sound generated by partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway

Question 7

Hoarseness

Answer 7

voice changes from normal to raspy indication possible swelling around the vocal cords

Question 8

Snoring

Answer 8

sound of soft tissue in upper airway impeding the flow of air

Question 9

Gurgling

Answer 9

sound of fluid obstructing the airway

Question 10

Questions for airway assessment

Answer 10

is airway open / will airway stay open

Question 11

Optimal Sniffing Posistion

Answer 11

when the patients ear is at the same level as the suprasternal notch (very top of sternum)

Question 12

Head Tilt Chin Lift

Answer 12

head position to align the structures of the airway and provide free passage of air (non suspected trauma)

Question 13

Jaw Thrust Maneuver

Answer 13

used to open the airway of unconscious patient with suspected trauma or injury

Question 14

Conscious Choking Infants

Answer 14

5 rapid chest thrust (compressing appox one-half of anterior-posterior depth of chest) , 5 back slaps , at compression rate 1compression per second

Question 15

Severe Choking

Answer 15

airway is completely blocked by a foreign body

Question 16

Non Serve Choking

Answer 16

trachea is partially blocked but allows some air to be exchanged

Question 17

Airway Adjuncts

Answer 17

devices that aid in maintaining an open airway, OPA and NPA

Question 18

Requirement for portable suction devicues

Answer 18

intake 30liters per minute, vacuum of 300mmHG

Question 19

Alveolar Ventilation

Answer 19

how much air actually reaches the alveoli

Question 20

Respiratory Distress

Answer 20

increased work of breathing, a sensation of shortness of breath

Question 21

Respiratory Failure

Answer 21

in inadequacy of breathing to the point where oxygen intake or the ventilation removal of carbon dioxide is not sufficient to support life

Question 22

Respiratory Arrest

Answer 22

when breathing completely stops

Question 23

Inadequate Breathing

Answer 23

either rate of breathing, or depth of breathing, or both fall outside of normal ranges

Question 24

Adequate Breathing Rates

Answer 24

Adult 12-20, Child 18-30, Infant 30-60 per minute

Question 25

Cyanosis

Answer 25

a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body

Question 26

Artificial Ventilation (positive pressure ventilation)

Answer 26

the use of positive pressure to force air or oxygen into the lungs when a patients has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing

Question 27

Gastric Distention

Answer 27

filling the stomach with air that occurs when air is pushed through the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation

Question 28

Hyperventialation

Answer 28

causes too much carbon dioxide to be blown off, causes vasoconstriction

Question 29

Adequate Artificial Ventilation

Answer 29

chest rise / fall, adult 10-12, pediatric 12-20 per minute

Question 30

Patients with rapid ventilations

Answer 30

squeeze BVM with patients inhalation to increase the volume of breaths, then adjust rate

Question 31

Patients with slow ventilations

Answer 31

squeeze BVM with patients inhale, adding ventilations in between to obtain adequate rate

Question 32

Ramp Position

Answer 32

in bariatric patients, if sniffing position fails, patients torso is raised to a 45 degree angle and head is plateau at the top of the ramp

Question 33

BMV Rates

Answer 33

holds 1,000-1600mL of air, once every 5-6 secs for adults, once every 3-5 secs for child or infant. ventilations delivered over 1 second

Question 34

Stoma

Answer 34

a permanent surgical opening in the neck though which the patients breathes

Question 35

Automatic Transport Ventilator (ATV)

Answer 35

provide positive pressure ventilation, includes setting designed to adjust ventilation rate / volume, easily portable, carried on ambulances

Question 36

Oxygen Cylinder

Answer 36

2,000-2,200 psi when full, don't let get below 200psi, labeled OXYGEN U.S.P., green tank

Question 37

Pressure Regulator

Answer 37

device connected to oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to the patients, safe working pressure of 30-70 psi

Question 38

Flowmeter

Answer 38

a valve that indicated the flow of oxygen in liters per minute

Question 39

Humidifier

Answer 39

can be connected to flowmeter is add moisture to oxygen

Question 40

Nonrebreather Mask (NRB)

Answer 40

reservoir should not deflate more than one-third during patients deepest inspiration, flow rate 12-15 LPM 80-90% oxygen

Question 41

Nasal Cannula

Answer 41

1-6 LPM, 24-44% oxygen

Question 42

Partial Rebreather Mask

Answer 42

9-10 LPM, 40-60% oxygen

Question 43

Venturi Mask

Answer 43

Varied, up to 15LPM, 24-60% oxygen

Question 44

Tracheostomy Mask

Answer 44

8-10 LPM, varied as required per patients needs