Pathophysiology

Question 1

Compensation

Answer 1

adjustments the body makes to correct imbalances

Question 2

Pathophysiology

Answer 2

study of how diesease affect the function of the body

Question 3

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

conversion of glucose into ATP

Question 5

Electrolytes

Answer 5

substance that when dissolved in water, separate into charged particles

Question 6

Aerobic Metabolism

Answer 6

when there is a correct oxygen supply to the body, produces energy with minimal waste products

Question 7

Anaerobic Metabolism

Answer 7

when glucose is metabolized without / not enough oxygen, which forces energy to excrete waste produces

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

moves oxygen across the thin membrane from alveoli to the capillaries

Question 9

Permeability

Answer 9

ability to effectively transfer fluids and substances in and out of the cell

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

regulated in the brain and is maintained through a balance of nervous system feedback and messaging

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

chemical messengers that regulate functions

Question 12

FiO2 (fraction of inspired oxygen)

Answer 12

the concentration of oxygen in the air we breath in

Question 13

Patent

Answer 13

open / clear / free from obstruction airway

Question 14

Tidal Volume

Answer 14

the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing, 500ml

Question 15

Minute Volume

Answer 15

the amount of air breathed in during each respirations multiplied by the number of breaths per minute

Question 16

Dead air space

Answer 16

air that occupies space between the mouth and alveoli, 150ml

Question 17

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 17

the seat of repiratory control

Question 18

Pleural Space

Answer 18

the slight space between the lung tissue and chest wall

Question 19

Chemoreceptors

Answer 19

chemical sensors in the brain and vascular system the identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 20

Perfusion

Answer 20

regular supply of blood, delivery and removal of oxygen / wastes from a capillary

Question 21

Plasma Oncotic Pressure

Answer 21

the pull from large proteins in the plasma that pull water from the body into the bloodstream

Question 22

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 22

the pressure within a blood vessel that pushes water out into the body

Question 23

Stretch Receptors

Answer 23

sensors in the blood vessels that can identify / change the vessel diameter

Question 24

Systemic Vascular Resistance

Answer 24

the pressure inside the blood vessels that the heart has to pump against

Question 25

Preload

Answer 25

how much blood is returned to the heart prior to the contraction

Question 26

Contractlitility

Answer 26

the force of contraction

Question 27

Afterload

Answer 27

how much pressure the heart has to pump against (systemic vascular resistance)

Question 28

Cardiac Output

Answer 28

the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute

Question 29

V/Q Match

Answer 29

ventilation / perfusion match

Question 30

Hypoperfusion

Answer 30

inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body's cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (also called shock)

Question 31

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 31

low blood volume - occurs when blood is lost from cardiovascular system or when there is dehydration

Question 32

Distributive Shock

Answer 32

blood vessel tone is lost, vessel lose ability to maintain a normal diameter

Question 33

Cardiogenic Shock

Answer 33

the heart fails to pump blood

Question 34

Obstructive Shock

Answer 34

blood is physically prevent from flowing; pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, pulmonary embolism

Question 35

Compensated Shock

Answer 35

body temporarily makes adjustments to try and maintain normal function

Question 36

Decompensated Shock

Answer 36

when compensatory measures fail

Question 37

Dehydration

Answer 37

abnormally low amount of water in the body

Question 38

Edema

Answer 38

swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space

Question 39

Meningitis

Answer 39

an infection of the protective layers of the brain and spinal cord

Question 40

Encephalities

Answer 40

an infection of the brain itself

Question 41

Hypersensitivtiy

Answer 41

an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance (allergic reaction)

Question 42

Pulmonary Respiration

Answer 42

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 43

Cellular Respiration

Answer 43

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulation blood