Alcohols Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are primary alcohols?
Alcohols with one R’ group attached to the carbon attached to the OH molecule.
What are secondary alcohols?
Alcohols with two R’ groups attached to the carbon attached to the OH molecule.
What are tertiary alcohols?
Alcohols with three R’ groups attached to the carbon attached to the OH molecule.
What is an alcohol?
A hydrocarbon with the functional group of OH.
Why are alcohols polar?
This is because of the hydroxyl group with its electronegative oxygen atom.
Alcohols have high boiling points. Why?
They have hydrogen bonding
Why are alcohols with short hydrocarbons chains are soluble?
Alcohols can miss in water as their OH molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. They OH group forms the hydrogen bonding therefore it dominates over short hydrocarbon chains making them soluble.
Why are long hydrocarbon chains not soluble?
Despite the OH functional group, in long hydrocarbon chains the hydrocarbon chain dominates meaning the hydrogen bonding is weak compared tot he van der waal forces of the chain. This makes it harder for them to become soluable.
What is a biofuel?
fuel that is produced from biomass, plants and animal waste.
Why are biofuels considered carbon neutral?
Plants grown to produce bioethenol take in Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When you burn the fuel produced from the plants the Carbon dioxide released is roughly the same as the Carbon dioxide taken in as the plant was growing. This is carbon neutrality.
What equations are useful for the proof of biofuel being carbon neutral?
Photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + water→glucose + oxygen
6CO₂ + 6H₂O→C₂H₅OH + 6O₂
Fermentation:
Glucose→ethanol + oxygen
C₆H₁₂O₆→ 2C₂H₅OH + 6O₂
Combustion:
Ethanol + oxygen→carbon dioxide + water
2C₂H₅OH + 6O₂→4CO₂ + 6H₂O
What are the advantages of using biofuel?
Carbon neutral, renewable, and sustainable.
What are the disadvantages of using biofuel?
Takes up a lot of space, eutrophication, not efficient, and loss of habitat.
Define carbon neutral.
There is no net carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere.
What is the equation for the dehydration of alcohols?
Alcohol→alkene + water
What is the condition for the mechanism of dehydrating alcohols?
Alcohols are dehydrated with excess hot concentrated sulphuric acid OR by passing their vapours over heated aluminium oxide, Al₂O₃.
Define oxidation.
The gain of oxygen atoms or the removal of hydrogen atoms
Define reduction.
The gain of hydrogen atoms or the loss of oxygen atoms.
Define reducing agent.
A chemical that removes oxygen or supplies hydrogen
