Bonding Flashcards
(35 cards)
Ionic bonding is between…
Non metals and metals. Non metals gain electrons while metals lose electrons.
Covalent bonding is between…
Non metals.
What is a small group of covalently bonded atoms called?
Simple molecular substance.
What is a simple molecule? What is an example?
When atoms form really strong covalent bonds to form small molecules. Eg. Water.
Macromolecular structure properties.
High melting point.
All solid.
Only graphite/graphene conduct electricity.
Small molecular properties.
Can be solid, liquids or gasses.
Molecules held by intermolecular forces which become stronger as the molecule becomes bigger.
Can’t conduct electricity.
Lower melting points.
When heated the IMF’s break not covalent bonds.
What is dative boding?
Is formed when one of the atoms in the bond has a lone pair of electrons, and the other doesn’t have any available. This is for both species to be left with sull subshells.
Define intermolecular forces.
the forces between molecules.
Define intramolecular forces.
the forces that hold atoms together.
Order the forces as the strongest to weakest.
van der Waal forces, permanent dipole, and hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen boding, Permanent dipole, van der Waal.
Define electronegativity.
the ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond, measured on the Pauling scale.
Define non-polar.
A chemical species in which the electrons distributed between the covalently bonded atoms is equal.
Define dipole.
A difference in charge.
Define instantaneous dipoles.
van der Waal forces are the only forces holding non-polar molecules together.
Define temporary dipoles.
Moving electrons are concentrated on one side of the molecule.
What factors effect van der Waal forces?
size and shape of molecules
the larger the size of the molecule the stronger the van der Waal forces
long straight molecules can lie closer together than branched ones.
What molecules do permanent dipoles act on?
Permanent dipoles only happen within polar molecules.
What is hydrogen bonding?
The intermolecular bonding (dipole dipole) between molecules in which hydrogen is bonded strongly to an electronegative element.
What elements does hydrogen form hydrogen bonding with?
Nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine.
In 3D shapes, what does a jagged line represent?
A bond pointing away from you.
In 3D shapes, what does a wedge line represent?
A bond facing you.
In 3D shapes, what does a straight line represent?
a bond pointing neither towards you nor away from you.
What are charge clouds? What do they do to the bond angles?
Charge clouds are lone pairs. Lone pairs take up more space in other words repel more than bonding pairs so the bond angles of the bonding pairs will be reduced because the bonding pairs are pushed together by the lone pair charge clouds.
How many bonds does linear shape have? What bond angle does linear shape have?
2 bonding pairs and 180° angle.
