Aldridge - Development Of Heart

Question 1

Early development of heart begins day 18 in cardiogenic ____________

Answer 1

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 2

Paired endocardial heart tubes form from ________ in cardiogenic area

Answer 2

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 3

Paired endocardial heart tubes are brought together due to ________ and fuse in midline to form a single heart tube which forms the definitive endocardium.

Answer 3

Lateral folding`

Question 4

_________ surroundin the heart tub will form myocardium

Answer 4

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 5

Aortic arches originate from the rostral end of _________

Answer 5

Truncus arteriosus

Question 6

Sinus venosus receives blood from the

Answer 6

Paired umbilical veins
Paired vitelline veins
Paired common cardinal veins

Question 7

_______ supply pharyngeal arches w/ blood

Answer 7

Aortic arches

Question 8

Future central tendon of diaphragm

Answer 8

Septum transversum

Question 9

Fixation of the ends of the heart tube causes the rapidly elongating heart tube to fold ____ and to the _______

Answer 9

Ventrally and to the right

So atrium and sinus venosus lie dorsal to the primitive ventricle and bulbis cordis

Question 10

The dorsal and ventral endocardial cushions fuse together to form the fused endocardial cushions, which divides the atrioventricular canal into ___- and _____ AV canals

Answer 10

Right and left

Question 11

The opening between the lower edge of the septum secundum and the upper edge of the lower part of the septum primum

Is a passageway for oxygenated blood from the placenta entering the right atrium to be shunted to left atrium

Provides shunt for much of O2’d blood to go directly into the arterial system of the fetus and by pass the nonfunctional developing lungs

Answer 11

Foramen ovale

Question 12

After birth, the foramen ovale is functionally closed to form the fossa ovalis by ?

Answer 12

Decrease in right atrial pressure due to the shut down of the placental venous return

The increase in left atrial pressure due to greater amount of pulm venous blood returning to the heart

Question 13

The floor of the fossa ovalis is formed by the ?

Answer 13

Lower part of the septum primum

Question 14

The limbus (anulus, rim) of the fossa ovalis is formed by the

Answer 14

Lower border of the septum secundum

Question 15

The part of the atrium with rough walls (musculi pectinate) is formed by the ?

Answer 15

Primitive atrium

Question 16

The part of the atrium that is smooth walled, is formed from the ?

Answer 16

Sinus venosus

Question 17

The right horn of the sinus venosus is incorporated into the

Answer 17

Definitive right atrium ( forms smooth walled part [sinus venarum])

Question 18

The left horn of the sinus venous forms the ?

Answer 18

Coronary sinus

Question 19

The _________ is incorporated into the definitive left atrium to form its smooth part

Answer 19

Pulmonary vein

Question 20

The primitive left ventricle forms only the _______

Answer 20

Definitive left auricle

Question 21

Pairs of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges grow longitudinally down the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus. These ridges are formed by ___________

Answer 21

Neural crest cells

Question 22

The bulbar and truncal ridges fuse to form the _________

Answer 22

Aorticopulmonary septum

Divides bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 23

Forms in the midline of the floor of the ventricle and grows towards the atrioventricular septum

Answer 23

Muscular ventricular septuum

Question 24

Located between the atrioventricular septum and the free edge of the muscular ventricular septum

Answer 24

Interventricular foramen

Question 25

Closes the interventricular foramen Formed by the fusion of the atrioventricular septum, left bulbar ridge, and right bulbar ridge (of bulbus cordis)

Answer 25

Membranous ventricular septum

Question 26

Components of the definitive right ventricle : A. The trabeculated part formed from the ________ B. The smooth upper part, the conus arteriosus, is formed from the ____________

Answer 26

Primitive ventricle Bulbus cordis

Question 27

Components of the definitive left ventricle A. The trabeculated part, formed from the ______ B. The smooth upper part; (aortic vestibule), is derived from the bulbus cordis.

Answer 27

Primitive ventricle

Question 28

Large opening between the right and left atria Results from excessive resorption of the septum primum, or insufficient development of septum secundum Most common and clinically important ASD Blood flows from left atrium to right atrium due to higher BP in left atrium postnatally

Answer 28

Foramen secundum defect

Question 29

Type of ASD Found in 25% of population Not pathological (no blood shunting) Is an incomplete anatomical fusion of septum primum and septum secundum

Answer 29

Probe-patent foramen ovale

Question 30

ASD Total absence of development of atrial septum

Answer 30

Common atrium

Question 31

Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate

Answer 31

Transposition of great vessels Tetralogy of Fallot Persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 32

ASD Foramen ovale closed prenatally Results in hypertrophy of right side of heart and underdevelopment of the left side of the heart

Answer 32

Premature closure of the foramen ovale

Question 33

Defect of endocardial cushions; Failure of endocardial cushions to fuse; defects in atrial and ventricular septum resulting in single atrioventricular orific

Answer 33

Persistent atrioventricular canal

Question 34

Defect in endocardial cushion Partial fusion in endocardial cushion resulting in a gap in the inferior part of the atrial septum. Ventricular septum intact. Endocardial cushions partially fuse to form membranous part of interventricular septum, but do not fuse enough to join septum primum

Answer 34

Foramen primum defect

Question 35

Overall most common form of congenital cardiac abnormality

Answer 35

Ventricular septum defect | These usually occur in the membranous part

Question 36

Most common VSD, results from the failure of proper fusion of the three structures that form the membranous interventricular septum. Blood flows from Left ventricle to right ventricle.

Answer 36

Membranous interventricular septal defect

Question 37

The “5 T’s of early cyanosis” Right to left shunts

Answer 37

Truncus arteriosus Transposition of great vessles Tricuspid atresia Tetralogy of fallot TAPVR

Question 38

Abnormal divisions of the truncus arteriosus is due to ?

Answer 38

Abnormal migration of neural crest cells into bulbar and truncal ridges

Question 39

Aorta originates from right ventricle and pulm A originates from Lt ventricle Failure of aorticopulmonary septum to spiral w/in the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus Assoc’d w/ ASD, patent ductus arteriosus, and VSD Infanct will present w/ marked cyanosis which is fatal unless surgical reparation

Answer 39

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Question 40

Failure to develop bulbar and truncal ridges Presents as single artery giving rise to both pulm trunk and ascending arota Usually accompanied w/ defect in interventricular septum (nobulbar ridge to fuse w/ atrioventricular septum) Marked cyanosis

Answer 40

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Question 41

Absence of tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle. Requires both ASD and VSD for viability Cyanosis

Answer 41

Tricuspid atresia

Question 42

Abnormal neural crest cell migration into truncal ridges Aorticopulmonary septum skewed to one side of truncus arteriosus Enlargement of either ascending aorta or pulmonary trunk w/ reduction in other vessel Skewed Aorticopulmonary septum does not align w/ interventricular septum, resulting in ASD. Can have pulmonary atresia

Answer 42

Unequal division of the truncus arteriosus

Question 43

Interventricular septal defect Hypertrophy of right ventricle Over-riding aorta; large aorta overrides interventricular septal defect Pulmonary stenosis Due to unequal division of bulbus cordis. Marked cyanosis

Answer 43

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 44

Heart located on the right side of thorax Due to ventricles and bulbus cordis bending to the wrong side Relatively uncommon

Answer 44

Dextrocardia

Question 45

Dextrocardia with the inversion of other viscera

Answer 45

Dextrocardia with situs inversus