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009 > ALIMENTARY > Flashcards

ALIMENTARY Flashcards

1
Q

function of alimentary mucosa

A
  • secretion
  • absorption
  • barrier
  • protection
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2
Q

structures of the oral cavity

A

mouth and its structures
- vestibule
- tongue
- teeth
- salivary glands
- tonsils

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3
Q

how many layers is alimentary tract divided into

A

four

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4
Q

list the layers of the alimentary tract

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • adventitia or serosa
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5
Q

types of mucosa in the oral cavity

A
  • lining mucosa
  • masticatory mucosa
  • specialised mucosawha
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6
Q

what is lining mucosa consisting of

A
  • lips, cheeks, soft palate,, floor of mouth
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7
Q

what is masticatory mucosa consisting of

A
  • hard palate, gingiva
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8
Q

what is specialised mucosa consisting of

A
  • sensation of taste - tongue
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9
Q

masticatory mucosa epithelium

A

keratinised orthokeratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

what does hard palate contain

A
  • ortho and parakeratinised cells
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11
Q

in parakeratinised is nuclei present

A

no it is lost but are highly pyknotic (highly condensed)

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12
Q

purpose of deep proprial papillae in hard palate

A

to protect from frictional + shearing stress

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13
Q

stress level in lining mucosa

A

little mechanicals tress

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14
Q

epithelium of lining mucosa

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

is proprial papillae deep or shallow in lining mucosa

A

shallow

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16
Q

name this tissuee

A

soft palate

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17
Q

name

A

lip

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18
Q

what does the lip eithelium transition from and to

A

thin keratinised to parakeratinised

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19
Q

what happens to the stratum granulosum in the lip

A

disappear

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20
Q

list the specialised mucosa

A

lingual papillae and associated taste buds

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21
Q

where does the lingual papillae cover the tongue

A

dorsal surface

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22
Q

what is found in the v shaped depression

A

circumvallate

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23
Q

what does sulcus terminalte separate tongue into

A

anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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24
Q

direction of lingual muuscles

A

striated - allow flexibility and precision of movement - swallowing and speech

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25
Q

list the four types of papillae

A

filiform
fungiform
foliate
circumvallate

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26
Q

which papillae does not have a taste bud

A

filiform

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27
Q

name

A

filiform

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28
Q

shape of filiform

A

most smallest and abundant

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29
Q

epithelium of filiform pap.

A

keratinised stratified squamous epitheliumm

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30
Q

role of filiform

A

aid in movement of bolus
no taste buds

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31
Q

name

A

fungiform

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32
Q

shape of fungiform

A

mushroom shaped and scattered amongst filiform as small dots

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33
Q

where is fungiform located

A

numerous near tip

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34
Q

name

A

foliate pap

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35
Q

what is foliate pap seperated by

A

cleftsw

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36
Q

what do glands empty into foliate pap

A

glands

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37
Q

name

A

circumvallate

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38
Q

shape of circumvallate

A

largest dome shaped 8-12

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39
Q

type of cells in taste buds

A
  • neuroepithelial
  • support cells
  • basal cells
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40
Q

name

A

taste bud

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41
Q

5 stimuli of taste

A
  • sweet
  • salty
  • sour
  • umami
  • bitter
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42
Q

how many specialised layers in teeth

A

3

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43
Q

list the specialised layers of teeth

A
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • cementum
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44
Q

dental pulp bounded by

A

dentin, highly vascularised and nerve supply

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45
Q

is enamel cellular or acellular

A

acellular

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46
Q

what is enamel formed by

A
  • ameloblasts - composed of rods
47
Q

what happens to the ameloblasts once teeth emerges from gum during dev

A

it never forms again

48
Q

name

A

dentin

49
Q

what is the secretion in dentin

A

odonotoblasts - epithelial layer columnar

50
Q

what happens once dentin is deposited the layer of odonotoblasts

A

dentin tubules

51
Q

what is cementum

A

thin pale yellowish bone like calcified layer that covers root of tooth

52
Q

what is cementum removedb y

A

abrasion

53
Q

what is cementum secreted by

A

cementocytes that sit in lacunae

54
Q

are cementum vascular or avascular

A

avascular

55
Q

list the three major salivary glands

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
    sublingual
56
Q

list the 4 minor salivary glands

A

buccal
labial
lingual
palatine

57
Q

what do salivary glands first develop as

A

from oral cavity epi.. as solid cord of cells that enter mesenchyme

58
Q

what do the degeneration of innermost cells of cords leads to

A

canalisation and the cords become ducts and bulbous ends become secretory acini

59
Q

list the ducts

A

secretory ducts
intercalated
intralobular
excretory

60
Q

name

A

oseophagus

61
Q

epithelium of oesophagus

A

non-keratinised stratified

62
Q

what is present in oesophagus

A

muscularis mucosa - thick in upper portion - aid in swallowing

63
Q

where are mucous secreting glands present in oesophagus

A
  • upper and lower parts of it with lamina propria
  • submucosa
64
Q

muscularis externa of oesophagus layers

A
  • striated in upper 1/3
  • mixed in middle
  • smooth in lower 1/3
65
Q

name

A

oseophagu

66
Q

name the hot pink structure within the tissue and the name of the issue

A

submucosa glands in oseophagus

67
Q

gastroesophageal junction mucosal changes

A

from stratified squampus (protective) to simple columanr (secretory)

68
Q

name

A

gastroesophageal juncton

69
Q

name the regions of stomach

A

fundic
cardia
pylorus

70
Q

name

A

stomahc

71
Q

purpose of rugae

A

allow stomach to distend when full

72
Q

purpose of mammillated areas in stomach

A

grooves that allow increased sa for secretion

73
Q

function of stomach

A

secretion ony

74
Q

stomach cell types

A
  • mucous secreting
  • parietal
  • chief cells
  • stem cells
  • enteroendocrine
75
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

protein

76
Q

where are parietal cells found in stomach

A

neck region and upper part of gastric pits

77
Q

where is chief cells found

A

base of gastric pits

78
Q

what do mucous neck cells give rise to

A

surface mucous cells - occurs at isthmus

79
Q

what does cardiac stomach contain

A
  • mucous secreting cells + few parietal cells
80
Q

what is in fundic stomach

A
  • parietal cells
81
Q

what is present in small intestine

A

villi

82
Q

epithelium of small intestine

A

simple columnar

83
Q

what are the absoprtive cells in small intestine called

A

enterocytes

84
Q

what do goblet cells secrete

A

mucous

85
Q

where are enteroendocrine cells found in small intestine

A

at base of absorptive cells

86
Q

where are enterocytes found

A

brush border of microvilli

87
Q

name

A

goblet cells

88
Q

where are crypts of L. found

A

intestinal glands found at base of villi extend to muscularis mucosa

89
Q

what do the brunners glands in small intestine open into

A

crypts

90
Q

defining feature of duodenum

A

brunners glands in submucosa

91
Q

defining feature in illeum

A

peyers patches

92
Q

structures in large intestine

A

caecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

93
Q

function of large intestine

A

resorption of electrolytes and water and elimination of undigested food and waste

94
Q

primary exocrine function of liver

A

production of bile

95
Q

what does liver produe

A

bile, phospholipods and choelstrol

96
Q

dual blood supply of liver

A
  • hepatic portal vein > 75% deoxygenated blood
  • hepatic artery - 25% oxygenated blood
97
Q

where is the venous blood supply from liver supplied from

A

intestine, pancreas and spleen

98
Q

where do the 2 blood sources mix in liver before enterng liver at the hilum

A

porta hepatis

99
Q

name of the tissue mass of liver

A
  • parenchyma
100
Q

where do the sinusoids drain in liver

A

central vein

101
Q

what are hepatic sinusoids of liver lined by

A

endoehtlial cells fenestrated windows

102
Q

what is the space of disse site of

A

exchange between blood and hepatocytes

103
Q

where do hepatocytes produce and secrete bile into

A

canaliculi

104
Q

what are canaliculi sealed by

A

zonula occludens - prevent leakage

105
Q

what do canaliculi join to form

A

canal of herring - cuboidal cells - cholangiocytes

106
Q

between lobules where do biles empty int

A

interlobular bile ducts @ portal triad

107
Q

where does bile leave via

A
  • common hepatic duct > cystic duct > gallbladder
108
Q

epithelium of gallbladder

A

simple columnar epithelium and no SUBMUCOSA

109
Q

what is pancreas divided into

A

head, body and tail

110
Q

where does the pancreatic duct empty into duodenum via

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter of vater

111
Q

defining feature in pancreas

A

islet of langerhans

112
Q

the 3 principle cells in islet of l

A

alpha red
beta orange
delta blue

113
Q
A

009 (8 decks)

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