PLACENTA

Question 1

how is placenta form

Answer 1

when maternal blood supply. has been accessed

Question 2

what happens when synctiotrophoblastts invade maternal blood vessels

Answer 2

lacunae form

Question 3

chorionic villi form

Answer 3

• proliferation of cytotrophoblast
• growth of chorionic mesoderm
• ## blood vessel development

Question 4

what happens to primary chorionic villi around day 13 post fertilisation

Answer 4

cords or asses of cytotrophoblasts growing into lacunae within synctiotrophoblass

Question 5

what day is secondary chorionic villi

Answer 5

• days 16

Question 6

when is teritary chorionic villi

Answer 6

end of third week development

Question 7

nam

Answer 7

tertiary villi early

Question 8

name

Answer 8

tertiary villi mature

Question 9

maternal component of placenta - decidualisatin

Answer 9

after implanation of blastocyst

stroma cells become large round decidual cells

Question 10

regions of decidua

Answer 10

• decidua basalis
• decidua capsularis
• decidua parietalis

Question 11

what happens by the end of 3 month for placenta decidualisation

Answer 11

gestation
decidua capsularises fuses with decidua parietalis of opposite wall

Question 12

which layers of the endometrium form decidua

Answer 12

all but the deepest layer

Question 13

what does decidua shed with

Answer 13

placenta at birth

Question 14

what is a cytotrophoblastic shell

Answer 14

complete shell around synctiotrophoblast - attaches to endometrium

Question 15

what do maternal blood vessels communicate with

Answer 15

through shell

Question 16

what happens to the villi during pregnancy

Answer 16

mature - smaller in diameter

Question 17

what happens to the cytotrophoblast during pregnancy

Answer 17

discontinues

Question 18

plates in mature placenta

Answer 18

basal plate
chorionic plate

Question 19

what does basal form from in mature placenta

Answer 19

decidual basalis

Question 20

what does chorionic plate form from in mature placenta

Answer 20

embryological origin

Question 21

what is the blood supply to the placenta

Answer 21

spiral arteries

Question 22

what is the placental barrier

Answer 22

seperation of maternal and fetal blood

Question 23

describe the diameter of the placental barrier

Answer 23

very thin by 4 months > allow exchange of products across placenta

Question 24

functions of placenta

Answer 24

• metabolism
• transport
• barrier function
• immunological function
• endocrine function

Question 25

when does placenta take over from

Answer 25

corpus leutrum 8 weeks gestation

Question 26

what does adrenal cortex provide

Answer 26

androgens

Question 27

when is human chorionc gonadotropins produced from

Answer 27

6 days post fertilisatin maintains corpus leutrum < maintains endometrium > and pregnancy

Question 28

placental problems

Answer 28

- placenta previa - placenta abruption

Question 29

what is placenta previa

Answer 29

covers internal os of cervix

Question 30

what is placenta abruption

Answer 30

comes away from uterine wall

Question 31

what is pre-eclampsia

Answer 31

pregnancy induced hypertension + protenuria

Question 32

what is the treatment of pre-eclampsia

Answer 32

delivery of placenta

Question 33

what is the cause of pre-eclampsia

Answer 33

unknown cause - probkems with endometrial blood vessel problem

Question 34

what cell secretes HCG

Answer 34

trophoblast cells

Question 35

which of the cells in the endometrium are mitoticaly active

Answer 35

cytotrophoblast

Question 36

what fuses with synctiotrophoblasts

Answer 36

cytotrophoblasts

Question 37

what is not mitotically active

Answer 37

synctiotrophoblasts

Question 38

what invades into maternal blood vessels

Answer 38

synctiotrophoblasts

Question 39

what happens after synctiotrophoblasts invade into maternal blood vessels

Answer 39

lacunae form

Question 40

what happens at the Day 11-12 development

Answer 40

closing plug formed implanted embryo within wall of endometrium

Question 41

list the types of villi

Answer 41

primary secondary and tertiary

Question 42

when does primary chorionic villi occur

Answer 42

around D13 post fertilisation

Question 43

what happens at the primary chorionic villi

Answer 43

two distinct layers of synctiotrophoblasts and one layer of cytotrophoblasts

Question 44

when is secondary chorionic villi formed

Answer 44

D16

Question 45

list the prominent layers of secondary chorionic villi

Answer 45

inner layer cytotrophoblast outer layer synctiotrophoblast

Question 46

what is primary villi invaded by

Answer 46

loose ct from chorion

Question 47

when is tertiary chorionic villi formed

Answer 47

end of 3rd week development

Question 48

when do blood vessels grow in villi

Answer 48

secondary and tertiary chorionic villi

Question 49

what can you see in mature tertiary villi

Answer 49

synctial knots

Question 50

what is the maternal component of placenta

Answer 50

decidualisation

Question 51

when does decidualisation occur

Answer 51

after implantation of blastocyst (8-10 days of embryo development)

Question 52

what happens to the stroma cells in decidualisation

Answer 52

they become large round decidual cells

Question 53

list the regions of decidua

Answer 53

- decidua basalis - decidua capsularis - deciduda parietalis

Question 54

where is decidua capsularis located

Answer 54

between implantation site and lumen

Question 55

where is decidua parietalis

Answer 55

remaining endometrium

Question 56

when does decidualisation happen

Answer 56

by end 3rd month gestation

Question 57

what happens by end of 3rd month gestation in decidualisation

Answer 57

decidua capsularis fuses with deciduda parietalis of opposite wall

Question 58

what happens when decidua capsularises fuses with dec. parietalis

Answer 58

obliteration of uterine cavity

Question 59

what shed with placenta at birth

Answer 59

decidua

Question 60

what shell attaches to endometrium

Answer 60

cytotrophoblastic shell

Question 61

how do maternal blood vessels communicate

Answer 61

through shell of cytotrophoblastic shell

Question 62

is growth of villi continuous throughout pregnancy

Answer 62

yes

Question 63

where do stem villi or anchoring villi grow

Answer 63

into maternal side of placenta > basal plate

Question 64

what is the size of villi during pregnancy

Answer 64

mature, smaller in diameter

Question 65

what discontinues during pregnancy

Answer 65

cytotrophoblast

Question 66

how are synctial knots formed

Answer 66

synctiotrophoblast nuclei gathered in clusters

Question 67

list the features of mature placenta

Answer 67

basal plate > from decidual basalis chorionic plate cotyledons

Question 68

what divides fetal part of placenta

Answer 68

cotyledons - 15-25

Question 69

blood supply to placenta

Answer 69

spiral arteries

Question 70

what does the placental barrier seperate

Answer 70

materal and foetal blood

Question 71

what is the thickness or thinness of placental barrier

Answer 71

very thin by four months

Question 72

function of the thinness of placental barrier by 4 months

Answer 72

allows exchange of products across placenta

Question 73

what does placenta take over from

Answer 73

corpus luteum 8 weeks gestation

Question 74

when are human chorionic gonadotrophins produced from

Answer 74

day 6 post fertilisation

Question 75

what does the human chorionic gonadotrophins maintains

Answer 75

corpus luteum endoemtrium pregnancy

Question 76

what is human chorionic gonadotrophins secreted b y

Answer 76

synctiotrophoblasts

Question 77

what is relaxin from

Answer 77

decidual cells

Question 78

what does relaxin do

Answer 78

softening of cervix and pelvic ligaments

Question 79

what are the other hormones secreted by placenta

Answer 79

IGF-1 IGF-II endothelial growth factors leptin

Question 80

treatment of pre-eclampsia

Answer 80

delivery of placenta

Question 81

what secretes hcg

Answer 81

trophoblastic shell