Alimentary 7

Question 1

When will transmissible gastroenteritis affect pigs, and what is the etiologic agent?

Answer 1

less than 2 wks old.

Enteric coronavirus

Question 2

Whats the gross lesion for TGE

Answer 2

the SI are dilated and thin walled and contain yellow fluid and gas. The perineum is stained with YELLOW feces

Question 3

Pathogenesis of TGE

Answer 3

Virus targets enterocytes causing blunting and fusion of the villi.

Villous atrophy leads to severe malabsorptive diarrhea and dehydration

Question 4

Hemorrhagic diarrhea and fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous tryplocolitis–pigs

etiologic agent

Answer 4

Swine Dysentery

Brachyspira hydysenteriae–produces a cytotoxic HEMOLYSIN

Question 5

What is the pathogenesis for Porcine Proliferative Enteritis, etiologic agent

Answer 5

Lawsonian intracellularis

Invasion into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa. The luminal epith of gut may become eroded and multifocally ulcerated.
tortuous hyperplastic

Question 6

What kind of pigs does procine proliferative enteritis affect, and how can you diag?

Answer 6

Growing-finishing, greater than 4 wks old. and young breeding pigs.

Comma shaped organism in crypt epith-silver stains

Question 7

What disease is caused by E coli in swine? What is the toxin name and what else is it called, and when does it effect pigs?

Answer 7

Edema Dz of Swine.

aka Entertoxemic colibacillosis.

Verotoxin

Post weaning pigs 6-14 wks-during dietary changes

Question 8

How does edema dz of swine kill them?

Answer 8

The verotoxin in the SI is spread hematogenously throughout the body by neuts to cause toxemia and systemic dz.
*Verotoxin is an angiotoxin that cuases GENERALIZED ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE within arteris and arterioles resulting in fluid loss and EDEMA.

Question 9

Where will you find the edem in edema dz of swine

Answer 9

Gastric submucosa
eyelids
forehead
gallbladder
mesentery of the spiral colon

Question 10

CS dog: watery hemorrhagic diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, leukopenia

Answer 10

parvovirus enteritis 2

Question 11

Cat: early lesions include bone marrow depletion, lymphoid depletion, and thymic involution.
later lesions: segmental enteritis with flaccid, reddened intestines.

Answer 11

Feline panleukopenia

feline parvovirus

feline infectious enteritis

cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 12

CS of dog: Soft stool, sometimes with and mucus and blood. dogs younger than 2. gross lesions: raised ulcerative nodules in the colon and rectum.

Answer 12

Histiocytic ulcerative colitis

Question 13

What can you see histologically with histiocytic ulcerative coliits?

Answer 13

ulceration and infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa by macrophages

they contain PAS positive material which represents digested bacteria and cellular debri.

Question 14

What is the etiologic agent in cats that causes chronic large bowel diarrhea

Answer 14

could be Tritrichomonas foetus-colonizing the colon.

Normally in cattle. “farm cats”

Question 15

What is a pathogen that can be fatal in puppies and immunocompromised dogs, potentially zoonotic, and cause cause hemorrhagic enteritis and bacteremia

Answer 15

Citrobacter freundii enteritis

Question 16

Neorickettsia helminthoaeca cuases?

Gross lesion?

Answer 16

Salmon poisoning in dogs and foxes.

Splenomegaly, granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis, hemorrhagic enteritis

Question 17

What breeds should you look out for IBD

Diagnosis?

Answer 17

Basenji, GS

CS, response to therapy (steroids), intestinal biopsy

Question 18

what is IBD characterized by and what can severe cases lead to?

Answer 18

histologically by infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils into the lamina propria.

severe cases: villous atrophy, malabsorptive diarrhea, and PLE-weight loss

Question 19

What can prelude intestinal lymphoma

Answer 19

IBD

Question 20

Who does diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis occur in

Answer 20

all breeds of cats and dogs but GS are predisposed

Question 21

What is a heritable condition in irish setters

Answer 21

Wheat sensitive gsatroenteritis

Question 22

What are your DDx for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sm animals?

Answer 22

Parvo
Clostridium, yersinia, campy

gastric ulcers

parasites (trichuris, ancylostoma, uncinaria)

neoplasia

bleeding diathesis/coagulapathy, thrombocytopenia

Question 23

What types of malabsorptive dz are in sm animals?

Answer 23

Luminal: EPI, SIBO

Mucosal: Infiltrative, villous atrophy, BBE def

Postmucosal: Lymphangiectasia, portal hypertension, vasculopathy

Question 24

What are your portals of entry for the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

Answer 24

Traumatic rupture

Penetrating injury

Neoplasia

Organ rupture from trauma or neoplasia

Question 25

What organ is prone to rupture when infiltrated by fat or amyloid?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What is a response to injury of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

Answer 26

Ascites

Question 27

What are the 4 main categories of fat necrosis, and what are their aka's?

Answer 27

Nutrition fat necrosis (steatitis, yellow fat dz) Pancreatic fat necrosis. aka, enzymatic fat necrosis Traumatic fat necrosis idiopathic fat necrosis

Question 28

Which fat necrosis is initiated by the release of lipase during an episode of pancreatiitis? and what happens during this?

Answer 28

Pancreatic fat necrosis Lipase converts triglycerides into FA and glycerol. the FA combine with calcium to form soaps and calky white deposits. Painful

Question 29

Which fat necrosis occurs in all mammals. can be mild for focal. can cause entrapment and obstruction of intestines. etiology unknown

Answer 29

Idiopathic fat necrosis

Question 30

Which fat necrosis is caused by direct trauma, usually blunt, to adipose tissue of the abdomen. Where else can it occur?

Answer 30

Traumatic subcutis/panniculus

Question 31

Fat necrosis that is caused by diets rich in fats, and low Vit E is?

Answer 31

nutritional fat necrosis

Question 32

What is caused by a mutated enteric coronavirus of high virulence that leads to a systemic infectio that can affect all organs systems including the CNS?

Answer 32

FIP

Question 33

What happens to the endothelial cells in FIP

Answer 33

they become activated with overexpression of MHC II leading to monocyte depends widespread **Vasculitis**

Question 34

What form of FIP is characterized by multifocal vasocentric pyogranulomas and fibrinous peritonitis with **abundant high protein effusions due to vascular injury**

Answer 34

Wet

Question 35

What are the histological lesions of FIP

Answer 35

multifocal **vasocentric pyogranulomatous inflammation and vasculitis** in multiple tissues.

Question 36

What dz in pigs is characterized by systemic bacterial infection resulting in combinations of intestinal serositis, peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis, arthritis and leptomeningitis with mortality being high

Answer 36

Glassers dz haemophilus parasuis aka porcine polyserositis

Question 37

Neoplasms of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery are rare or common?

Answer 37

uncommon

Question 38

What are your types of neoplasias of peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

Answer 38

Mesenteric lipomas mesotheliomas carcinomatosis

Question 39

Who are mesenteric lipomas common in?

Answer 39

Older Horses | can become pedunculated with entrapment of intestine leading to a strangulating lipoma