Hepatobiliary 3

Question 1

When do you most commonly see acute multifocal hepatocellular necrosis?

Answer 1

Viral hepatitis

Herpes, adeno, rift valley fever, wesselsbron, FIP, porcine circovirus2

Question 2

Who do you see liver abscessations in?

Answer 2

Neonatal foals, ruminants

and feedlot cattle

Question 3

What can cause liver abcessation?

Answer 3

Any damage to the GI tract can cause bacterial translocation into the portal circulation which seeds the liver with bacteria

Question 4

What are some common bacteria that can cause liver abscessation

Answer 4

Corny
Nocardia
Actino
Trueperella

Question 5

What bacteria causes Tyzzers dz?

Answer 5

Clostridium piliforme

Question 6

What spp is Tyzzers dz most common in?

Answer 6

Foals

Question 7

What stain do you need to use to see the bacilli?

Answer 7

Silver stains

Question 8

What does the lesion of tyzzer dz look like?

Answer 8

Randomly distributed foci of hepatocellular necrosis surrounded by neutrophils and mononuclear cells

Also causes colitis, myocarditis

Question 9

What causes infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary hemoglobinuria

Answer 9

Clostridium

necrotic-novyi

Hemoglobinuria-haemolyticum

Question 10

What bacteria has some serovars that can cause severe intravascular hemolytic anemia which leads to centrilobular ischemic necrosis and prehepatic icterus?

Answer 10

Leptospirosis

Question 11

What lesions are characterized by randomly distrubed foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional tachyzoites and bradyzoites

Answer 11

Toxoplasmosis

Neosporosis

Question 12

What causes randomly distrubuted foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional yeast?

Answer 12

Fungal infections

Bastomyces, coccidiodes, histo, crypto, aspergillus

Question 13

Nematodes can cause what? and how does the liver look?

Answer 13

Scarring fibrosis from migration

Milk spotted liver

Question 14

What is a major nematode in pigs?

Answer 14

Ascaris suum

Question 15

What cestode encysted larvae develop within the liver?

Answer 15

Taenia

Question 16

What cestode parasitize carnivores and is zoonotic?

Answer 16

Echinoccocus granulosus

Question 17

Fasciola hepatica effects what animals? What part of the liver do they inhabit, causing what?

Answer 17

Sheep and cattle

Biliary system-causing chronic fibrosing cholangitis with cholestasis

Question 18

Fasciola hepatica can predispose animals to what?

Answer 18

Secondary clostridial spore proliferation.

Question 19

Where does fascioloides magna inhabit in aberrant hosts?

Answer 19

Hepatic parenchyma-more extensive hepatic injury and necrosis with eventual death

Question 20

Canine schistosomiasis, also called?

Who is the DH?

Where do the worms reside?

Answer 20

Heterobilharzia americana

Racoon

Mesenteric veins and release ova which become lodged in tissues and cause severe granulomatous inflammation of the liver, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery

Question 21

What is the most common response to hepatoxic injury?

Answer 21

Centrilobar necrosis

Question 22

What are some hepatotoxic agents?

Answer 22

Blue-green algae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants

aflatoxin

poisonous mushrooms

chemicals

metals

drugs

Question 23

What is it in the blue green algae that is toxic? When can this occur?

Answer 23

Cyanobacteria

Algae blooms in late summer–accumulation of algae toxins-microcystin

Question 24

Lesion of blue-green algae tox?

Answer 24

Hemorrhagic gasteroenteritis and a red swollen necrohemorrhagic liver with:
Massive lobular necrosis leading to acute liver failure

Question 25

When will you see pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox? Who is most susceptible?

Answer 25

During drought conditions when there isn't as much to eat. Also from chronic long term intoxications Pigs

Question 26

What do the lesions from pyrrolizidine tox look like?

Answer 26

Diffuse hepatic fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia with variable nodular regneration

Question 27

What is converted by hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes into toxic reactive intermediates?

Answer 27

Aflatoxins

Question 28

What does the lesion look like for aflatoxicosis?

Answer 28

Centrilobular to massive hepatocellular necrosis with steatosis and biliary hyperplasia

Question 29

Chronic Alfatoxicosis can lead to what?

Answer 29

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 30

What is characterized by severe centrilobar to massive hepatocellular necrosis by the cyclopeptide toxin?

Answer 30

Poisonous mushroom toxicity

Question 31

What is the poisonous mushroom we talked about?

Answer 31

Death cap Amanita phalloides

Question 32

White phosphorous causes what? What was this in?

Answer 32

Periportal necrosis Rodenticide

Question 33

This site of injury is usualyl necrosis due to the cytochrome p450 enzyme activity which is require for the formation of reactive toxic metabolites, what is the reason for this?

Answer 33

Drugs

Question 34

What spp is susceptible to drug hepatotoxicity? Why?

Answer 34

Cats They can't glucuronidate

Question 35

What are some suspected causes of idiosyncratic hepatoxicity?

Answer 35

Inherited or spontaneous genetic enzyme deficiency Atypical immune reactions to drug metabolites