Alimentary System 9 - Obesity

Question 1

When is a person considered obese?

Answer 1

When they have a BMI of 30 or more

Question 2

Describe the epidemiology of obesity

Answer 2

• Over time the population is becoming more obese
• Obesity increases with age, peaking at 55-64
• Affecting the whole world
• More prevalent in lower classes

Question 3

In which ethnic groups is obesity highest?

Answer 3

• Caucasian
• Bangladeshi
  Regionally higher in Scotland and North England

Question 4

How does smoking affect BMI?

Answer 4

BMI is low but there is greater central obesity

Question 5

List some of the genes involved in obesity

Answer 5

• Neuropeptide Y
• Dopamine
• Leptin receptor
• Serotonin receptor
• Glycagon-like peptide 1 receptor

Question 6

What is the cost of treating diabetes?

Answer 6

Direct + indirect costs of up to 3.7 billion

Question 7

List the effects of obesity

Answer 7

• Coronary heart disease is the biggest killer
• Osteoarthritis
• Diabetes
• Gout
• Stroke
• Depression
• Sleep apnoea
• Gall stones
• Cancers
• Infertility

Question 8

What disease has the closest relationship with obesity?

Answer 8

Type 2 diabetes

Question 9

How is waist circumference measured?

Answer 9

• Midpoint between the lowest rib and iliac creast

- 1cm above the navel

Question 10

What is the action level when waist circumference starts to increase?

Answer 10

• Action level 1 is where health risk is increasing (women over 80cm men over 94cm)
• Action level 2 is where professional help is needed (women 88cm men 102cm)

Question 11

How does action level two change in south asian people?

Answer 11

• Men 90cm

- Women 80 cm

Question 12

What do the NICE guidelines recommend for obesity management?

Answer 12

• Diet
• Exercise
• Behavioural therapy
• Drug treatment
• Surgery