Anatomy - Peritoneum Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the peritoneum?
- A single continuous membrane lining the abdominal membrane
- Made of simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)
What is the difference between the abdominal and peritoneal cavity?
- The abdominal cavity is everything inside the abdominal wall
- The peritoneal cavity is inside the peritoneum. It is a potential space between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum
What are mesentries?
Modified peritoneal reflections, from which abdominal organs are suspended from the abdominal wall.
What is the purpose of mesentries?
Acts as a condiut for vessels, nerves and lymphatics
What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal cavities?
- Intraperitoneal are structures suspended form the abdominal wall by mesentries
- Retreoperitoneal structures lie between the parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall
List the retroperitoneal structures.
- Kidneys and ureters
- Supradrenal glands
- Aorta/IVC
- Nerves (lumbar plexus and sympathetic trunk)
- Oesophagus
- Rectum
Secondary:
- Duodenum (except the start)
- Pancreas
- Colon (ascending and descending)
What is the difference between primary and secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
Secondary retroperitoneal organs origionally had a mesentry, then became secondarily retroperitoneal when the mesentry fused with the body wall
Where is the foregut?
Distal 3rd of oesophagus to 2nd part of the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct
Where is the midgut?
2nd part of duodenum to two thirds along the transverse colon
Where is the hindgut?
Distal 3rd of the transverse colon to the rectum
Where are the dorsal and ventral mesentry?
- Whole gut tube suspended from the dorsal mesentry, which attaches to the greater curve of the stomach
- Foregut has a ventral mesentry as well (encloses the liver and pancreas), which attaches to the lesser curve of the stomach
What are the subdivisions of the gut?
- Lesser sac (ommental bursa), which forms when the liver rotates while growing, forming a sac inbetween the liver and the stomach posterior. Ventral foregut mesentry
- Greater sac/omentum covers the abdomen like a sheet. This is the dorsal foregut mesentry
What is the epiploic foramen?
Where the ommental bursa is continuous with the greater sac.
What structures are on the right free edge of the ommental bursa?
- Portal vein
- Hepatic artery
- Bile duct
What are the peritoneal compartments?
- Supracolic compartment (above the mesentry of the transverse colon)
- Infracolic compartment (below the mesentry of the transverse colon)
- Paracolic gutter (right/left of the abdomen)
What is the falciform ligament?
Attaches the liver to the diaphragm
Describe the direction of peritoneal fluid and inflammatory exudate.
- Peritoneal fluid goes towards the diaphragm where it is reabsorbed
- Inflammatory exudate flows downwards, towards the pelvis
Compare the functions between the outer muscularis layer of the abdomen and the inner mucosa muscularis
- Muscularis layer causes peristalisis and segmentation
- Mucosa muscularis causes small movements to prevent food getting stuck to serosa
What is the first part of the duodenum?
Duodenal cap
Name the entrance for the common bile duct in the duodenum, and describe its location
- Major duodenal papilla
- In the second part of the duodenum
How can the jejunum and illeum be distinguished?
- Jejunum has less prominant arterial arcades, and longer vasa recta
- Illeum has more prominant arterial arcades and short vasa rects
- Jejunum has a larger diameter
List the parts of the large intestine
- Caecum
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
How can the large intestine and small intestine be distinguished?
- Large intestine has fatty tags, called appendices epiploicae
- Large intestine has longitudinal muscle in its walls segregated into three bands, taeniae coli
- LI has larger diameter
What artery supplies the foregut, liver, pancreas and spleen?
Coeliac trunk
