Alimentary System (Final Exam) Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

T/F:

Dogs and cats develop alimentary neoplasia

more frequently than farm animals

True

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_______ should be considered a window

into the health of the alimentary system

Feces

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What is the most common portal of entry for pathogens

of the alimentary system?

Ingestion

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What is palatoschisis?

Cleft Palate

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What is cheiloschisis?

Cleft Lip

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Maternal exposure to _______

can result in cleft palate or cleft lip

in cats and horses

Griseofulvin

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Veratrum californicum, Lupines, and Poison Hemlock

are all implicated in the causation of these

congenital anomalies

Cyclopia

Palatoschisis

Cheiloschisis

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What congenital anomaly does Phtheven have?

Brachygnathia

Short lower jaw, overbite

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What is it called when a dog has an underbite?

Prognathia

protrusion of the lower jaw

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Chronic stomatitis of cattle, also known as

“Wooden Tongue”

is caused by

Actinobacillus ligniersii

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Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material

is seen in histology of “Wooden Tongue” samples.

What is this type of pattern known as?

Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon

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A young animal has been treated for a long time with

antibiotics. What condition of the tongue are you worried

about and what causes it?

Thrush

Candida albicans

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A cat presents with vesicles of clear fluid on its

tongue. What is the condition called and what is the cause?

Vesicular Glossitis

Calicivirus

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Which 4 reportable diseases can present with

vesicles on the tongue?

FMD

Vesicular Stomatitis (VS)

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES)

Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)

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What virus causes FMD?

Picornavirus

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What virus causes Vesicular Stomatitis in Pigs?

Rhabdovirus

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What virus causes VES in Swine?

Calicivirus

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What virus causes Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)?

Enterovirus

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Which species of animal is immune to Foot and Mouth Disease?

HORSES!

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What is ptyalism?

Drooling of saliva

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Which 2 pathogens can cause

Vesicular Stomatitis in a COW?

BVD

MCF

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Bovine Papular Stomatitis is caused by this virus,

which is closely related to the virus that causes

Milker’s Nodules in Humans

Parapoxvirus

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Contagious Ecthyma, or ORF, results in loss of condition

in young lambs and goat kids (3 - 6 months)

and presents as lesions in “sites of trauma”, like

the corners of their mouths, mammary gland,

and coronary bands. Which virus causes it?

Parapoxvirus

ZOONOTIC!

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A calf is exhibiting necrotizing stomatitis.

PAS stain of a sample from its mouth shows

filamentous bacteria.

What pathogen is responsible and what is this

condition better known as?

Fusobacterium necrophorum

CALF DIPHTHERIA

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Painless ulcers that form on the lips of cats and are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction is a condition known as

Eosinophilic Cheilitis "Rodent Ulcer"

Tumors of the periodontal ligament are known as

Epulis

T/F: Fibromatous epulis, a neoplastic condition of the oral cavity, are usually malignant

FALSE! Usually BENIGN (Acanthomatous epulis are usually Malignant!)

Oral melanomas are most common in this species

Dogs

\_\_\_\_% of oral melanomas are malignant

90%!!

PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch) can cause this disorder

Congenital Megaesophagus "Vascular Ring"

Most common in dogs, the acquired form of megaesophagus can be a manifestation of this condition

Myasthenia Gravis

In large animals, impaction of the esophagus is known as

Choke

T/F: Choke is a serious issue that can lead to gas-free bloat and is an emergency situation in horses

FALSE! It is an emergency in COWS!

Inflammation of the esophagus in dogs can be caused by this parasite

*Spirocerca lupi*

Parasitic esophagitis caused by *Spirocerca lupi* in dogs can result in chronic granulomatous esophagitis which can occasionally progress to neoplastic transformation (formation of ____ lesions)

Sarcomatous lesions ## Footnote *Osteosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma*

What is the most reliable post-mortem indicator of ante-mortem bloat?

Bloat Line!

You're the owner of a dairy farm and one of your cows has suddenly stopped producing milk. Her temperature is slightly increased and she's arching her back and moaning. What is your number one differential?

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis "Hardware Disease"

You're a farmer and your cows accidentally got into the horse pasture. A couple days later, some of your cows are having diarrhea, some are incoordinated and one has even collapsed. What happened?

Grain overload (Chemical Rumenitis) Cows ate the Horse's feed which was high in grain and the grain caused the pH in their rumens to drop (acidic). This allowed *Streptococcus bovis* to proliferate and produce lactic acid. The cows absorbed that lactate and got lactic acidosis (chemical rumenitis)

Stellate Ulcers or ruminal scars are associated which which condition in cows?

Chemical Rumenitis (Grain Overload)

A weimereiner presents with abdominal distension that has gotten worse throughout the day, retching, and hypersalivation. The owner said that the dog had just been running out the dog park that morning and seemed perfectly healthy. You immediately rush the dog into surgery because it has this condition and is an EMERGENCY

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

You have a pig, Fatty McFaterson. He always eats a TON of food and drinks a lot of water, then he lays down to nap. Today, you fed Fatty and then let immediately let him out to run with a bunch of other male pigs. What alimentary condition should you be worried about with Fatty?

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

A high-pitched ping elicited by percussion of the abomasum is called

Abomasal Tympany

What test can you do if you suspect your post-parturient dairy cow has an abomasal displacement?

Abomasal tympany

What is the most common cause of gastric ulceration in pigs?

Pigs that are fed finely ground rations with high wheat component

What is the most common cause of gastric ulceration in Horses?

NSAIDs (which reduce prostaglandin production, PGE2 protects mucosa)

This type of tumor can cause gastric ulceration in dogs

Cutaneous mast cell tumors (mast cells release histamine which binds to parietal cells in gastric mucosa --\> increases HCl secretion)

This bacteria causes Braxy or Bradsot in lambs which is a necro-hemorrhagic condition of the abomasum

*Clostridium septicum*

Uremic gastritis due to renal disease can manifest as gastric mineralization. What stain would you use to confirm the mineralization?

Von Kossa

Parasitics gastritis in horses is caused by this species of parasite

*Gastrophilus spp.*

Proliferative Hyperplastic Abomasitis (moroccan leather appearance) is caused by this parasite

*Ostertagia ostertagii*

*Draschia megastoma* causes Granulomatous gastritis in horses. Where would you look to find a brood pouch?

By the Margo Plicatus

A sheep presents with a severely inflamed jaw (bottle jaw) and has anemia. Which parasite could be causing this abomasitis?

*Haemonchus contortus* "Barber Pole Worm"

What is the most common segmental anomaly of the intestine of domestic animals? Which breed of animal is this condition inherited?

Atresia coli Holstein Calves

A newborn piglet presents with prominent megacolor and recto-vaginal fistula. You suspect imporforate anus, which is also known as

Atresia ani

Most prevalent in American Paint Horses with a white-spotting pattern, this congenital condition, known as Lethal White Syndrome results in intestinal immotility and colic.

Congenital Colonic Aganglionosis | (Absence of PSNS ganglia in the colon)

An animal with a small foreign body is most likely to develop this type of acquired obstruction

Enterolith

Hairballs in cattle are known as

Trichobezoars

*Salmonella* and foreign bodies can cause narrowing of a blood vessel in the GI Tract. What is this called?

Rectal Stricture/Stenosis

A horse presents with severe colic and is unresponsive to palliative treatment to control the pain. What is your number one differential?

Intestinal intussusception

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is caused by this pathogen

*Pestivirus*

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Ruminants is caused by _________ and results in fibrino-necrotizing vasculitis with prominent lymphocytic infiltrates in many organs

*Gammaherpesvirus*

This is a fatal viral disease in cats caused by a *coronavirus*, enteric signs include bloating, with diseased abdominal, kidney, and brain tissue

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

Edema disease in piglets a few weeks after weaning is caused by *E.coli*, but more specifically, this toxin is responsible

Verotoxin

You're called out by a shepherd who has discovered many of his sheep dead in a field. Surprisingly, it is the most well-nourished sheep of the bunch. Some of the other sheep are having bloody diarrhea. A sample of an intestinal necrotic lesions shows gram (+) bacilli lining the villi of the lesions. What is your diagnosis?

*Clostridium perfringens* Type D (epsilon toxin)

Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia is caused by _______ in Pigs and _______ in Sheep

Pigs: E. coli Sheep: Clostridium perfringens

*Clostridium piliforme*, the cause of Tyzzer's disease, manifests as lesions found mainly in which organ?

LIVER!

Inflammation of the cecum and colon is known as

Typhlocolitis

A condition in horses, is caused by Dysbacteriosis brought on by dietary changes or antibiotics. When this leads to proliferation of certain bacteria, it is called Colitis X. Which 2 bacteria proliferate to cause Colitis X?

* Clostridium perfringens Type A* * Clostridium difficile*

Feces with a "septic-tank odor" are associated with this pathogen

*Salmonella*

Common sequela of infection by this pathogen include Embolic mycotic pneumonia in horses and Button ulcers in pigs

*Salmonella*

PPE is a necro-hemorrhagic enteropathy in pigs and is caused by this pathogen

*Lawsonia intracellularis*

Large bowel diarrhea and bloody/mucous-y feces are clinical signs of Swine Dysentery, seen in pigs 2 - 3 months old. What is the pathogen that causes Swine Dysentery?

*Brachyspira hyodysenteriae*

A young foal has died. At necropsy, you notice pyogranulomatous lesions on the lungs and in the stomach. Histology shows bacteria within the cytoplasm of macrophages. What is the causative agent?

*Rhodococcus equi*

T/F: Johne's Disease (paratuberculosis) affects mostly young animals

FALSE Older animals are affected!

Granulomatous Colitis in a Boxer Dog is most likely caused by this bacteria, a gram (-) coccobacilli seen with PAS stain within the macrophages of the lamina propria

*E. coli*

A calf presents with a proliferative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing enteritis. Numerous protozoal organisms are seen attached to the apical surface of its enterocytes. What is your dx?

*Cryptosporidiosis*

These 2 types of hookworms cause significant anemia in dogs, and puppies can get them through colostrum

* Ancylostoma caninum* * Uncinaria stenocephala*

These hookworms are found around and within the ileocecal valve in horses

*Anoplocephala perfoliata*

Whipworms of domestic animals are found in the cecum and colon and cause bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. What is the name of the species of these worms?

*Trichuris spp.*

A pig with a Milk-Spotted Liver has been parasitized by this

*Ascaris suum*

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the most common neoplasm in cats, and the alimentary form is the most common form. When ruptured, it can lead to a fatal peritonitis.

Lymphosarcomas

Alimentary System (Final Exam) Flashcards

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