Female Reproduction (Final Exam) Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

DAX1 gene promotes

______ differentiation and development

ovarian

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SRY Gene promotes _____ differentiation

testicular

SorRy you’re a BOY

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The precursor of female internal genetalia

Mullerian Duct

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The precursor of male internal genitalia

Wolffian Duct

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Male Tortoiseshell Cats

and Calico Cats

are examples of abnormalities of ______ sex

chromosomal

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The Freemartin Calf, a female calf born co-twin

with a male calf

is the most common

example of a ________ in vet med

Chimera

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A true hermaphrodite is the result

of an abnormality of _____ sex

gonadal

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An animal in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal

sex is said to have this condition.

Which breeds do you see the condition in?

Sex Reversal

Cocker Spaniels

Polled Goats

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This abnormality of phenotypic sex

occurs when chromosomal and gonal sex agree, but

the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous

Pseudohermaphroditism

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A Miniature Schauzer with Persistent Mullerian Duct

Syndrome is said to have this condition

Pseudohermaphroditism

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Paraovarian cysts in a mare are known as

Hydatids of Morgagni

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Cystic Graafian Follicle is the most common type of

cystic change and occurs as a result of insufficient release of

this hormone

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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Inflammation of the ovaries is known as

Oophoritis

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What causes oophoritis in poultry?

Salmonella pullorum

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All ________, tumors of primordial germ cells of

the embryonic gonad, are considered malignant

Dysgerminomas

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This is the most common ovarian cell

tumor in cows and mares

Granulosa Cell Tumor

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Call-Exner Bodies,

rosettes of tumor cells surrounding pink proteinaceous fluid

are diagnostic of this type of neoplasia

Granulosa Cell Tumors

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Uterine Tubes are also known as

Oviducts

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Accumulation of pus in the uterine tubes

Pyosalpinx

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Cystic Gartner’s Ducts and Cystic Bartholin Glands

are seen in cows secondary to these 2 conditions

Hyperestrogenism

Local infection

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Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) in cattle

is a venereal disease that causes epithelial necrosis

and is caused by this virus

BHV-1

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Dourine is an incurable venereal disease involving

paralysis in horses

caused by this protozoal organism

Trypanosoma equiperdum

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Leiomyomas, neoplasms seen in the

uterus, cervix, and vagina,

are estrogen-dependent in dogs.

They are also known as

Fibroids

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A mare dies from exsanguination during parturition.

What happened?

Ruptured Uterine Artery

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Cystic ovarian follicles, Granulosa Cell Tumors, and Zearalenone, are all sources of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

estrogen

Prolonged hyperestrogenism can lead to endometrial hyperplasia, which can lead to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, especially in dogs, if endometrial secretions accumulate

Pyometra

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

Adenomyosis

Ectopic endometrial glands that are actively growing outside the uterus

Endometriosis

Red transverse stripes seen in the uterine horns of dogs with prolonged blood vaginal discharge post-partum

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

This venereal disease of mares causes temporary infertility and inflammation of the endometrium. It must be reported immediately, but it is treatable. What is the gram (-) bacteria that causes it?

*Taylorella equigenitalis*

The normal non-pregnant uterus is highly resistant to infection. Resistance is greatly reduced during pregnancy due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

progesterone

This type of uterine neoplasm is very common in Rabbits

Uterine adenocarcinoma

You are likely to see metastasis to this organ in a rabbit with Uterine Adenocarcinoma

Lungs

What is the most commonly encountered metastatic neoplasm in cows, who are usually BLV +

Uterine Lymphosarcoma

What are 3 humoral factors found in milk that contribute to natural defense of the mammary gland?

Lactoferrin Opsonins Immunoglobulins

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most costly disease in dairy herds

Mastitis

What are the 3 pathogens responsible for contagious mastitis in cows

* Streptococcus agalactiae* * Staphylococcus aureus* * Mycoplasma* spp.

Healing by fibrosis is a characteristic trait seen in contagious mastitis infection by this pathogen

*Streptococcus agalactiae*

Abscesses, necrosis, and gangrene are potential consequences of mastitis infection by *Staph aureus.* The toxin it produces that is responsible for these effects is

a-toxin

Contagious mastitis due to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is characterized by galactogenic and hematogenous routes and infects Cows AND Sheep

*Mycoplasma bovis*

Name the 4 causative agents of Granulomatous mastitis. Which is the only one transmitted via hematogenous route and not iatrogenic like the others?

* Mycobacterium bovis* * Nocardia asteroides* * Cryptococcus neoformans* * Candida* spp. * M. bovis* is hematogenous

T/F: *Mycoplasma bovis* causes granulomatous mastitis

FALSE * MycoBACTERIUM bovis* causes granulomatous mastitis. * Mycoplasma bovis* causes contagious mastitis

Neomycin infusions in dry cows is associated with ____ mastitis

Nocardial

Most mammary neoplasms in cats are MALIGNANT, and most mammary tumors are of this type

Adenocarcinomas

Hydramnios (Hydrops of the Amnion), is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the amniotic sac and is associated with this fetal condition

Malformation of the fetus, usually facial abnormalities

Present in all equine placentae, these are proteinaceous soft calculi, aggregated mineral and organic allantoic concrements

Hippomanes

What type of fetal lesion is seen in Mycotic abortions?

Dermatitis

If investigation of the placenta after abortion of a calf shows amnionitis, the most likely pathogen responsible is

*Ureaplasma*

A horse has aborted. Upon investigation of the fetus, a fibrin cast is found in its trachea. What has caused this abortion?

*Equine Herpesvirus-1*

A cow has aborted. Investigation of the fetus shows pinpoint yellow foci in multiple organs. What has caused this failure in pregnancy?

*Listeria monocytogenes*

Placental lesions resembling strawberries are characteristic of this cause of pregnancy failure in sheep

*Toxoplasma gondii*

A thick, leathery, mineralized placenta seen in goats who have aborted, is caused by this pathogen

*Coxiella burnietti*

A cow has aborted at week 4 of gestation. Investigation of the placenta shows intercotyledonary placentitis and cotyledonary necrosis. You're worried about your cow becoming infertile, because you know that the infectious agent is

*Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis*

One of your cows has aborted and is now exhibiting pyometra. Investigation of the fetal stomach contents shows protozoal organisms. What is the infectious agent?

*Tritrichomonas fetus*

A few of your cows have aborted between 7 and 9 months of gestation. Investigation of the placenta reveals necrotizing inflammation. Investigation of the fetuses show signs of pneumonia. Now you're really freaking out cause you know this is a zoonotic infection. What is your dx?

*Brucella abortus*

You own a farm and raise both cattle and sheep. You have noticed a few of the cows and sheep are having late term abortions. Investigation of the fetuses show pinpoint yellow foci in many organs. What is causing these last trimester abortions?

*Listeria monocytogenes*

Dermatitis is seen in calf fetuses that have been aborted. What 5 specific agents are on your ddx list?

* Aspergillus fumigatus* * Absidia* * Mortierella* * Rhizomucor* * Rhizopus*

A few of your cows have aborted at months 5 - 6 of gestation. Investigation of the fetuses shows some that are fresh, some are autolyzed, and some are in the early stages of mummification. What is causing these abortions?

*Neospora caninum*

If you suspect that *Neospora caninum* is the causative agent in abortions, what organ should you collect and what do you expect to see on histology?

Brain Multifocal brain lesions are pathognomonic for * Neospora caninum* (protozoa) and * Toxoplasma gondii*

What are the 2 most common causes of viral abortion in cattle?

BVD Akabene Virus

A few sheep have aborted. Investigation of the placentas show intercotyledonary placentitis. Necropsy reveals multifocal necrotizing hepatitis. What is causing these abortions in your sheep?

*Campylobacter fetus* ssp. *fetus*

T/F: *Campylobacter* *fetus* ssp. *fe**tus* is an important cause of infertility in cows that abort.

FALSE! *Campylobacter fetus* ssp. *VENEREALIS* is an important agent in cows. *C. fetus* ssp. *fetus* causes abortions and necrotizing hepatitis in SHEEP

An interesting agent of abortion in sheep is characterized by time of infection in utero. If an ewe is infected early in gestation, she will abort during that same gestation. If an ewe is infected late in gestation, she will abort during her NEXT pregnancy. What is this agent?

*Chlamydophila abortus*

Why would you want to keep cats away from pregnant ewes?

Cats can spread *Toxoplasma gondii* to the sheep causing them to abort. To confirm, placental investigation will reveal strawberry lesions.

Nutritional deficiency of ______ can cause abortions in goats

IODINE!

You're a goat farmer with a pregnant wife. You've noticed several of your goats have been aborting late in gestation, or they are birthing weak kids. Investigation of the placenta reveals acute, diffuse, suppurative placentitis, meaning it looks thick and leathery, mineralized and exudative. Your wife wants to come to the farm to bring you lunch. What do you tell her?

TELL HER FUCK NO. This is *Coxiella burnietti,* a ZOONOTIC pathogen that can cause abortions in humans (Q-Fever)

The setae of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar were implicated in this late- term abortion syndrome in mares, which reached epidemic proportions in Kentucky between 2001 and 2002

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS)

Some of your pigs have been aborting around months 2 - 3 of gestation. Others are birthing stillborn piglets, and some piglets have been born alive, but are very weak. What is the agent of abortion in these pigs?

*Brucella suis*

*Porcine parvovirus* is responsible for causing this reproductive syndrome in pigs, which RARELY results in abortion, but does cause a plethora of fetal/neonatal issues

SMEDI Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, and Infertility Complex

You're a dog breeder and have noticed your bitches aborting mostly right before 2 months, but a few of them have been aborting right at 1 month of gestation. The bitches that have aborted seem to have vaginal discharge for a long time after aborting, which has lead to the development of pyometra in a few of them. What is causing this?

*Brucella canis*

Female Reproduction (Final Exam) Flashcards

(70 cards)