Alkanes/Alkenes/Alcohols Flashcards
What is the other term used for crude oil ?
Petroleum
What are the two types of cracking, and the conditions necessary for them to occur.
Thermal: 400-900(oC), 7000 kPA.
Catalytic: 450(oC), slight pressure, zeolite catalyst.
Balance the following incomplete combustion equation in which a poisoneous gas is produced:
C8H18 + O2 ->CO + H2O
C8H18 + 17O2 ->16CO + 18H2O
What are the 3 transition metals present in a catalytic converter, and what are they spread on to increase SA.
platinum,palladium and Rhodium.
Honeycomb surface.
How is sulfur dioxide removed from flue gases, name the process.
Reacting the flue gases with calcium carbonate or calcium oxide. Flue gas desulfurisation.
What is the type of reaction that occurs when an alkane reacts with chlorine ?
Photo chemical reaction/ free radical substitution.
What are the two types of isomerism in alkenes, define each one.
Positional isomerism= double bond in different position.
Geometrical/stereo isomerism= Same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space.
What is the difference between E and Z isomerism ?
Z= functional groups at same locatoin on opposite side of double bond E= Functional groups at different location on other side of double bond.
Why does bromine water turn colourless in the present of a double bond, and name the product.
Electrophilic addition.
Dibromoalkane
In a reaction, a primary carbocation and a secondary are produced. Which is more likely to form the major product and why ?
Secondary, more alkyl groups, feeds more electrons, carbocation more stable = positive inductive effect.
Why are addition polymers so unreactive ?
Non polar, saturated.
What are the two processes commonly used to make alcohol ?
Fermentation and Hydration
Why is fermentation not used on a mass scale for ethanol ?
produces a solution, not pure (yeast), requires distillation, land for food,batch, slow, labour.
What is the general formula or a alcohol ?
CnH2n+1OH
What is the name of the process+conditions required to convert ethanol, produced from fermentation, into an alkene.
Dehydration (elimination), 170(oC), phosphoric acid catalyst.
