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Org Mol > Alkanes and Cycloalkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

saturated hydrocarbons whose atoms are arranged in an open chain

A

alkanes

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2
Q

alkanes are commonly reffered to as

A

aliphatic hydrocarbons

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3
Q

alkanes are the __ and __ __ hydrocarbon

A
  • simplest
  • least reactive
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4
Q

Classifications of alkanes

A
  1. Acyclic (linear, branched)
  2. Cycloalkanes
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5
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

first two members of teh alkane family

A
  • methane (CH4)
  • ethane (C2H6)
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7
Q

alkanes are arranged in what manner

A

tetrahedral

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8
Q

angles between alkanes

A

109.5 angles

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9
Q

Ways in showing the structural formula of alkanes

A
  1. Molecular formula
  2. Complete structural formula
  3. Condensed structural formula
  4. Line-angle formula
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10
Q

alkane with one or more alkyl groups

A

branched-chain alkanes

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11
Q

General formula of alkyl groups

A

CnH2n+1

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12
Q

an atom or groups of atoms that took the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule

A

substituent

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13
Q

longest continuous chain of branched-chain hydrocarbons

A

parent alkane

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14
Q

hydrocarbon whose atoms joined together to form a saturated ring

A

cycloalkanes

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15
Q

most abundant cycloalkanes

A
  • cyclopentane
  • cyclohexane
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16
Q

General formula of cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

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17
Q

IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

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18
Q

a system on which most organix chemists have agreed to provide guidlie to allow them to learn from eah others’ works

A

nomenclature

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19
Q

indicated the number of carbon atoms in the chain

A

prefix

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20
Q

show that the compopund is a saturated hydrocarbon

A

Suffix -ane

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21
Q

general name of saturated hydrocarbon

A

alkane

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22
Q

hyphenated prefixes, such as __ and __, are not considered when alphabetizing

A
  • sec-
  • tert-
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23
Q

not a hyphenated prefix and is included when alphabetizing

A

iso-

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24
Q

group derived from removing a hydrogen from an alkane

A

alkyl group

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25
symbol used to represent an alkyl group
R-
26
A + B --> A--B
synthesis
27
A--B --> A + B
decomposition
28
A--B + C --> A--C + B
single replacement
29
A--B + C--D --> A--D + C--B
double replacement
30
the temperature at which a given solid will melt, and a liquid boils and turns to vapor
melting and boiling point
31
the abbility to be dissolved, especially in water
solubility
32
the degree of compactess of a substance
density
33
Increases if there is an increase in no. of carbon atoms
boiling point
34
lowers the boiling point of an alkane
branching in carbon chain
35
have higher boiling point than their acyclic counterparts
cycloalkanes
36
__ __ have higher boiling and melting point than __ __ __
- longer straight-chained - shorter straight chained alkanes
37
more branches, then molecule becomes more compact
have weaker Van der Waals because surface area in contact are reduced
38
cyclic molecules can get close together because the ring structure makes them
- tidier - less wriggly
39
closer molecules means
strong intermolecular forces
40
cycloalknaes has __ __ __ than that of corresponding straight chain alkanes
higher boiing point
41
alkanes are insoluble in __ solvents such as __
polar solvents water
42
alkanes are unable to form __ __ with water
hydrogen bond
43
alkanes are soluble in __ solvents
non-polar
44
examples of non-polar solvents alkanes are soluble with
- toluene - benzene - carbon tetrachloride - chloroform
45
alkanes are lighter or less dense than __
water
46
densities of alkanes and cycloalkanes ranges from __ - __ g/mL
0.6-0.8 g/mL
47
density of water
1.0 g/mL
48
density of alkanes increases with increasing __ __
molecular weight
49
Reactions of Alkanes
1. Combustion 2. Halogenation
50
two types of combustion in alkanes
1. Complete combustion 2. Incomplete combustion
51
- happens when oxygen has a plentiful supply - carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an exothermic reaction - carbon dioxide and water are produced - maximum energy is given out
complete combustion
52
in complete combustion, carbon and hydrogen atoms react with oxygen in an __ reaction
exothermic
53
what are produced in complete combustions
carbon dioxide water
54
in complete combustion, __ energy is given out
maximum
55
general formula for complete combustion of alkanes
hydrogen + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
56
- happens when oxygen only has a limited supply - impure carbon particles (soot), carbon monoxide, and water are produced - less energy is released
incomplete combuston
57
what are produced in incomplete combustions
- carbon particles (soot) - carbon monoxide - water
58
in incomplete combustion, __ energy is given out
less
59
produces hydrocarbon derivatives in which one or more halogen atoms have replaced hydrogen atoms
halogenation
60
where does halogenation happen
to halogen with alkane in the presence of ultaviolet (UV) light
61
halogenation leads to the formation of __
haloalkane (aka alkyl halide)
62
halogenation is an example of a __ __
substitution reaction
63
three phase radical substitution reaction
1. initiation 2. propagation 3. termination
64
initiation
non radical --> radical
65
propagation
radical --> radical
66
termination
radical --> non radical
67
type of reaction that happens to halogens with cycloalkanes in the presence of UV light
substitution reaction
68
type of reaction that happens to halogens with cycloalkanes without UV light
addition reaction
69
two types of reactions of cycloalkanes
1. halogenation 2. hydrogenation
70
cycloalkanes undergo hydrogenation to produce __ __
saturated carbons
71
when the ring size of cycloalkanes gets bigger, the hydrocarbon becomes __ to hydrogenation
resistant
72
how many carbons does it take for hydrogenation to less likely occur
6 or more carbons
73
hydrogenation of cycloalkanes occurs in the presence of catalysts such as
- Nickel - Platinum
74
application of alkanes and cycloalkanes
- transportation fuel - consumer products (paint, varnish remover) - heat generating products
75
class of organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbons
hydrocarbons
76
contains only single bonds
saturated hydrocarbons
77
compounds that do not incorporate any unsaturated aromatic rings in their molecular structure
aliphatic compounds
78
a molecular shape that occurs when there are four bonds and no lone pairs in the molecule's central atom
tetrahedral
79
weak, short-range electrostatic attractive forces between uncharged molecules, arising from the interaction of permanent or transient electric dipole moments
Van der Waals forces

Org Mol (12 decks)

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