Alkenes And Alchohols

Question 1

Structure of alkenes

Answer 1

Unsaturated as they contain a double bond

CⁿH²ⁿ

The presence of the c=c double bond makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes

Question 2

First 4 alkenes

Answer 2

Ethene

Propene

Butene

Pentene

Question 3

What is a functional group

Answer 3

A collection of atoms that impact the reactions of an organic compound

Question 4

What happens during an alkene addition reaction

Answer 4

A carbon carbon double bond opens up

Question 5

Alkenes and oxygen

Answer 5

Involved in combustion reactions together

The combustion is incomplete so they burn with smokey flame

Question 6

Alkenes and hydrogen

Answer 6

When a nickel catalyst is present alkanes can be formed by combining hydrogen with an alkene

Question 7

Alkenes and water

Answer 7

When phosphoric acid catalyst is present alcohols cam be formed by reacting alkenes and steam

Question 8

Alkenes and halogens

Answer 8

Alkenes will react if mixed with bromine water and shaken

Causes solution to change from orange brown to colurless

This is an effective test to distinguish between alkenes and alkanes

Question 9

Alcohols features

Answer 9

It’s a functional group

CⁿH²ⁿ+¹OH

Question 10

First 4 alcohols

Answer 10

Methanol

Ethanol

Propanol

Butanol

Question 11

Alcohols and water

Answer 11

Dissolve to give neutral solutions

Question 12

Alcohols and sodium

Answer 12

Create hydrogen as a product

Question 13

Alcohols + oxidising agents

Answer 13

Carboxylic acid produced

Question 14

Alcohol and air ( and heat )

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide and water are produced

Question 15

Fermentation process

Answer 15

Adding yeast to a sugar solution

Gives : aqueous solution of ethanol
Carbon dioxide

Question 16

Conditions for fermentation

Answer 16

Temp at 37 degrees
Solution that is slightly acidic
Absence of oxygen ( anaerobic)

Question 17

Carboxylic acid

Answer 17

Functional group

CⁿH²ⁿ+1COOH

Partially iionises in water so they are weak acids

Question 18

First 4 carboxylic acids

Answer 18

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid

Question 19

Carboxylic acids and carbonates

Answer 19

Produce a
Salt
Carbon dioxide
Water

Question 20

Carboxylic acids and water

Answer 20

Dissolve to give solutions with acidic pH

Question 21

Carboxylic acids, alcohols and an acid catalyst

Answer 21

An ester and water are produced

Question 22

What is addition polymerisation

Answer 22

Joining of short chain monomers to produce one long chain polymer

Question 23

What are the monomers in addition polymerisation

Answer 23

Alkenes as tye carbon to carbon double bond can open up to all multiple alkenes to join together

Question 24

Products of addition polymerisation

Answer 24

Polymer is the only product
This means the repeating unit has tye exact same atoms as the monomer

Question 25

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 25

Joining together of monomers with 2 functional groups to produce larger polymers as well as small molecule by products

Question 26

What are amino acids

Answer 26

Organic compounds with 2 different functional groups - carboxyl - amine The amine and carboxyl groups are connected by peptide links

Question 27

Polymerisation of amino acids

Answer 27

Combined by condensation polymerisation

Question 28

Polypeptide formation

Answer 28

Formed through protein synthesis where the amine and carboxyl in amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds

Question 29

Polypeptide

Answer 29

When 1 or more polypeptide becomes associated a protein is formed, which perform crucial roles in the body

Question 30

Important roles proteins have

Answer 30

Are enzymes for biological reactions In haemoglobin which carries blood around the body In antibodies which help our immune system

Question 31

Dna ( naturally occurring polymer)

Answer 31

Produces genetic instructions Two polymer chains arranged as a double helix The dna polymers are made from monomers called Nucleotides Each nucleotide contains a phosphate a sugar and a base Types of base = A T C G

Question 32

Naturally occurring polymers

Answer 32

Proteins : monomers = amino acids Starch and cellulose: sugars are the monomers