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Anatomy Exam 2 > All Muscles > Flashcards

All Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 MUSCLES OF MASTICATION?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid
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2
Q 
Temporalis
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- coronoid process of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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3
Q 
Masseter
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- mandible angle
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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4
Q 
Lateral pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin-lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion- head of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- protraction of jaw, depress to open

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5
Q 
Medial pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion-medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE 9 MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH, LIPS, AND CHEEKS?

A
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Buccinator
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Platysma
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7
Q

The orbicularis oris functions to do what?

A

close the mouth

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8
Q

The buccinator goes from _____/______ to ______.

It synergizes with the tongue in _______ formation.

A
  • maxilla/mandible to angle of mouth

- bolus

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9
Q

Depressor anguli oris goes from ______ to ______.

This will produce a ______.

A
  • mandible to angle of mouth

- frown

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10
Q

Levator anguli oris goes from ______ to _______.

This will produce a ____/______.

A
  • maxilla to angle of mouth

- grin/grimace

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11
Q

The depressor labii inferioris goes from ____ to ____.

This will produce a ____.

A
  • mandible to lower lip

- pout, pull lower lip out

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12
Q

The levator labii superioris goes from ______ to _____.

This functions to ________.

A
  • maxilla to upper lip

- pull upper lip out

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13
Q

The zygomaticus major goes from _____ to ______.

This functions to _____.

A
  • lateral zygomatic to angle of mouth

- smile

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14
Q

The zygomaticus minor goes from _____ to _______.

This functions to _______.

A
  • medial zygomatic to upper lip

- dilator

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15
Q

The platysma goes from _______ to ________.

This functions to __________ and __________.

A
  • pectoralis major fascia to mandible

- tighten skin and depress jaw

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16
Q

What muscle does the platysma synergize with to depress the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

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17
Q

What are the muscles of orbital and nasal openings?

A

Orbicularis oculi → close eyelids
-Palpebral = soft close
-Orbital = hard close
Nasalis → flare nostrils

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18
Q

END SKULL

A

END SKULL

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19
Q

What are superficial muscles of the neck?

A
  • Platysma
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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20
Q 
Platysma
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Inferior border of mandible
Inferior- Pectoralis fascia
Innervation- Cervical branch
Action- tightens skin and acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to depress the jaw

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21
Q 
Sternocleidomastoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Mastoid process
Inferior- Manubrium and clavicle
Innervation- Accessory nerve
Action- Flexes, Extends, Ab/adduct, rotation

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22
Q 
Trapezius
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- external occipital protuberance to bottom of thoracic vertebrae
Inferior- lateral clavicle and spine of scapula
Innervation- accessory nerve (CN11)
Action- elevate, depress, retract, rotate to depress

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23
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
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24
Q 
Mylohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible and rapha
Inferior- body of hyoid bone
Innervation- CN5
Action- elevation of larynx

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25
``` Geniohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- mandible, chin Inferior- hyoid Innervation- C1-4 (cervical plexus) Action- elevation of larynx
26
``` Stylohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- temporal bone styloid process Inferior- hyoid bone Innervation- CN7 (facial nerve) Action- elevation of larynx
27
``` Digastric Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- mandible to hyoid sling Inferior- hyoid sling to mastoid Innervation- CN5 (anterior belly), CN7 (posterior belly) Action- elevation of larynx
28
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
- Sternohyoid - Sternothyroid - Omohyoid - Thyrohyoid
29
``` Sternohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- sternum Inferior- hyoid bone Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx
30
``` Sternothyroid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- thyroid cartilage Inferior- sternum Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx
31
``` Omohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- hyoid to clavicular sling Inferior-clavicular sling to scapula Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx -connected at sling by intermediate tendon
32
``` Thyrohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- hyoid bone Inferior- thyroid cartilage Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depression of larynx
33
What are the deep muscles of the neck?
- Longus colli (superior and inferior) - Longus capitis - Rectus capitis anterior - Rectus capitis lateralis - Scalenes (ant, middle, post)
34
``` Longus colli Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- body of upper to transverse process of middle to body of lower cervical vertebrae Inferior-" Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
35
``` Longus capitis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- occipital Inferior- transverse processes of middle vertebrae Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
36
``` Rectus capitis anterior Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- Occipital Inferior-anterior C1 Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
37
``` Rectus capitis lateralis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- occipital Inferior- transverse process of C1 Innervation- cervical plexus Action- proprioception
38
``` Scalenes (ant, middle, post) Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- All attach at transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae Inferior- Anterior and Middle (Rib 1), Posterior (Rib 2) Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation, lift rib cage for inspiration
39
END NECK
END NECK
40
What are all the muscles of the thoracic cavity?
- Serratus posterior superior - Serratus posterior inferior - Levator costarum - External intercostals - Internal intercostals - Innermost intercostals - Subcostal - Transversus thoracis
41
``` Serratus Posterior Superior Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- spinous process C7-T3 Insertion- Ribs 2-5 Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami Action- proprioception for respiration control
42
``` Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- T11-L2 Insertion- Ribs 9-12 Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami Action- proprioception for respiratory control
43
``` Levator costarum Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- C7-T11 transverse process Insertion- rib below Innervation- dorsal rami Action- elevate rib for inspiration
44
``` External Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- superior rib Insertion- inferior rib Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami Action- elevate ribs for inspiration
45
``` Internal Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- inferior rib Insertion- superior rib Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami Action- depress ribs for expiration
46
``` Innermost Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- inferior rib Insertion- superior rib Innervation- intercostal n. Action- depress ribs for expiration
47
``` Subcostal Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- inferior rib Insertion- superior rib 2 or 3 above Innervation- intercostal n. Action- depress rib for expiration
48
``` Transversus Thoracis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action? ```
Origin- sternum Insertion- costal cartilage Innervation- intercostal n. Action- proprioception for respiratory control
49
What are the two muscles that pass through the respiratory diaphragm? Where do they pass?
- Psoas major passes under the medial arcuate ligament | - Quadratus lumborum passes under the lateral arcuate ligament
50
END THORAX
END THORAX
51
What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
External oblique Internal oblique Transverse abdominis Rectus abdominis
52
``` External Oblique: Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action- ```
Origin- ribs 5-12 Insertion-rectus sheath Innervation-spinal nerves T7-12 (ventral rami) Action- -Bilateral- flex at trunk -Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate -Respiration- pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale
53
``` Internal Oblique: Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action- ```
Origin- vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips Insertion- lower ribs; rectus sheath Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami) Action- -Bilateral- flex at trunk -Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate -Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
54
``` Transverse abdominis Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action- ```
``` Origin- lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips Insertion- rectus sheath Innervation T7-12 (ventral rami) Action- Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate Respiration- compress abdomen to exhale ```
55
``` Rectus abdominis Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action- ```
``` Origin- pubic symphysis Insertion- lower ribs; xiphoid Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami) Action- Bilateral- flex at trunk Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale ```
56
END ABDOMINAL WALL
END ABDOMINAL WALL
57
What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles? | Innervation-
- Trapezius - Latissimus Dorsi - Rhomboids - Levator Scapulae -ventral rami
58
What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles? Innervation- Function-
- Serratus Posterior Superior - Serratus Posterior Inferior - ventral rami - proprioception
59
What are the muscles of the superficial intrinsic back muscles and what are their attachments?
Splenius Capitis: -Attachment: Nuchal ligament→ mastoid process of temporal bone Splenius Cervicis: -Attachment: Upper thoracic→ transverse process of C1 and C2
60
What are the actions of splenius capitis and cervicis and what are they innervated by?
Extend, rotate, and abducts neck Innervated by dorsal rami
61
What are the muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?
- Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis) - Longissimus (thoracic, cervicis, capitis) - Spinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
62
Attachent, Action, and Innervation of Iliocostalis?
- Attachment- Pelvis, lumbar spinous process→ribs and lower cervical transverse (post tubercles) - Actions- extend lumbar and inferior cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate - Innervation- dorsal rami
63
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Longissimus?
- Attachment- Spinous processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic→ costotransverse joint, cervical transverse process, mastoid process - Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate - Innervation- dorsal rami
64
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Spinalis?
-Attachment- vertebral column spinous process→ spinous process or cranium (S or 8 shaped muscle) -Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic,cervical,head -Innervation- dorsal rami
65
What are the deep intrinsic back muscles?
- Semispinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis) - Multifidus (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis) - Rotatores (mostly thoracic)
66
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Semispinalis?
- Attachment- lower cervical an thoracic transverse processes→ thoracic, cervical spinous processes and occipital/nuchal lines - Action- extend cervical/head, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic/cervical/head - Innervation- dorsal rami
67
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Multifidus?
- Attachment- pelvis, lumbar, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes→ spinous processes 2-4 segments above - Action- extend lumbar/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate lumbar/thoracic/cervical - Innervation- dorsal rami
68
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Rotatores muscle?
- Attachment- transverse process thoracic vertebrae→ spinous process or lamina 1 or 2 segments above - Action- extend, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic - Innervation- dorsal rami
69
What are the minor deep layer muscles of the back and their attachments?
Interspinales: (cervicis, thoracic,lumborum) -Attachment- spinous p. to spinous p. Intertransversari: (cervicis, lumborum) -Attachment- transverse p. to transverse p. Levatores costarum: (thoracic) -Attachment- thoracic transverse p. → adjacent rib
70
What are the suboccipital muscles and their attachments?
Rectus capitis posterior major: -Attachment- C2 spinous p.→ occipital bone/lateral nuchal line Rectus capitis posterior minor: -Attachment- C1 posterior tubercle→ occipital bone/ medial nuchal line Obliquus capitis inferior: -Attachment- C2 spinous process→ C1 transverse process Obliquus capitis superior: -Attachment- C1 transverse process→ occipital bone/ lateral nuchal line
71
What are the suboccipital muscles innervated by?
Suboccipital nerve dorsal rami C1
72
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
- Rectus Capitis posterior major (superior/medial) - Obliquus capitis inferior (inferolateral) - Obliquus capitis superior (superolateral)
73
What is the floor of the pelvic diaphragm composed of?
- Coccygeus muscle - Levator Ani (3 muscles) - Urogenital hiatus - Structures passing through
74
``` Coccygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```
- Proximal- sacrum/coccyx - Distal- ischial spine - Action- supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter - Innervation- ventral rami
75
Levator ani has what 3 parts?
- puborectalis - pubococcygeus - iliococcygeus
76
``` Puborectalis muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```
- Proximal- anococcygeal body (ligament) - Distal- pubis - Action- supports pelvic orgnas; forms external anal sphincter - Innervation- ventral rami
77
``` Pubococcygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```
- Proximal-coccyx - Distal-pubis - Action-supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure - Innervation-ventral rami
78
``` Iliococcygeus: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```
- Proximal- coccyx - Distal- tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body - Action- supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure - Innervation- ventral rami

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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