Skull Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 8 bones of the cranial cavity?
A
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Occipital
- (2) Temporal
- (2) Parietal
2
Q
The bones of the skull are joined by ______ which are considered _______ joints.
A
Sutures
Synarthrodial (can’t move)
3
Q
Regions of the Cranial Cavity
A
- Roof= calvaria
- Floor= base
- Occiput= back
4
Q
What is the viscerocranium and what are the 15 bones?
A
Viscerocranium= facial bones
(15) Bones
- Mandible
- Ethmoid
- Vomer
- (2) Maxilla
- (2) Inferior nasal conchae
- (2) Zygomatic
- (2) Palatine
- (2) Nasal
- (2) Lacrimal
5
Q
What are the 7 bones that make up the eye socket?
A
- Frontal bone
- Zygomatic bone
- Maxillary bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Palatine bone
- Lacrimal bone
6
Q
What type of joint is the mandible?
A
Diarthrotic
7
Q
What is the glabella?
A
Medial projecting part of forehead
8
Q
What is the nasion?
A
Bridge of nose
9
Q
4 Parts of the Ethmoid Bone?
A
- ) Crista galli
- ) Cribriform plate with olfactory foramina for CN1
- ) Perpendicular plate of nasal septum
- ) Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae
10
Q
What is the crista galli important for?
A
Attaching dura mater
11
Q
What is the olfactory foramina part of the cribriform plate important for?
A
CN1 passes through here
12
Q
8 Parts of the Sphenoid Bone?
A
- ) Medial Pterygoid Process
- ) Lateral Pterygoid Process
- ) Sella Turcica for Pituitary
- ) Optic Canals and Prechiasmatic Sulcus for CN2
- )Superior Orbital Fissure for CN3,4,6, and opthalmic n. of C5
- ) Foramen rotundum for CN5 maxillary br.
- ) Foramen ovale for CN5 mandibular br.
- ) Foramen spinosum for middle meningeal a.
13
Q
Importance of the sphenoid bone?
A
All other cranial bones attach to it
14
Q
What part of the sphenoid holds the pituitary gland?
A
Sella turcica
15
Q
What goes through the optic canal?
A
Cranial Nerve 2 (optic)
16
Q
What nerves goes through the superior orbital fissure?
A
CN 3, 4, 6, and opthalmic branch of C5 (V1)
17
Q
What are the names of the ROS foramen and what nerves or arteries go through them?
A
R- Foramen Rotundum
-CN5 maxillary branch (V2)
O- Foramen Ovale
-CN5 mandibular branch (V3)
S- Foramen Spinosum
- Middle meningeal artery
18
Q
8 Parts of the Occipital Bone?
A
- ) External occipital protuberance
- ) Nuchal lines
- ) Foramen magnum
- ) Jugular foramen
- ) Occipital condyles
- ) Groove for transverse sinus
- ) Groove for sigmoid sinus
- ) Hypoglossal canal for CN12
19
Q
What goes through the foramen magnum?
A
- Spinal Cord
- Brain stem
- Vertebral Arteries
- CN11 (Accessory) (IN)
20
Q
What goes through the jugular foramen?
A
- Internal Jugular Vein
- CN9 (glossopharyngeal), CN10 (Vagus), CN11 (Accessory)
21
Q
Purpose of the occipital condyles?
A
Form the atlantooccipital joint with articular surfaces of C1
22
Q
What goes through the hypoglossal canal?
A
CN12 (hypoglossal)
23
Q
8 Parts of the Temporal Bone?
A
- ) External acoustic meatus
- ) Mastoid process
- ) Styloid process
- ) Zygomatic process
- ) Mandibular fossa
- ) Jugular foramen
- ) Carotid canal for internal carotid artery
- )Stylomastoid foramen for CN7 (out)
24
Q
What are the 2 regions of the Temporal Bone?
A
Squamos
-lateral, thinnest part of cranial cavity
Petromastiod
-thickest, for auditory and vestibular
25
What is the importance of the mandibular fossa?
Articulation with mandible to for the TMJ.
26
What goes through the jugular foramen?
- Internal jugular vein
- CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
- CN10 (vagus)
- CN11 (accessory)
27
What goes through the carotid canal?
- Internal Carotid artery
| - Sympathetic plexus
28
What goes through the stylomastoid foramen?
CN7 (out)
29
What nerves are in the internal acoustic meatus?
CN7 (facial), CN8 (vestibulocochlear)
30
What are the 2 parts of the parietal bone?
- Eminence- sticks out
| - Superior and Inferior temporal lines
31
9 parts of the mandible?
1. ) alveoli form sockets for teeth
2. ) head to articulate with mandibular fossa of temporal bone = TMJ
3. ) Neck
4. ) Ramus
5. ) Body
6. ) Coronoid Process
7. ) Angle
8. ) Notch
9. ) Mental protuberance=chin
32
The vomer meets up with what bone?
| It also forms the floor of what?
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
| - Nasal Cavity
33
4 parts of the maxilla?
1. ) Alveoli form sockets for teeth
2. ) Palatine processes
3. ) Infraorbital margin
4. ) Inferior orbital fissure for CN5 zygomatic branch of maxillary branch (V2)
34
What is the purpose of the inferior nasal conchae?
Clean, moisten, and heat air
35
2 parts of the zygomatic bones?
1. ) Temporal process
| 2. ) Infraorbital margin
36
3 parts of the palatine bones?
1. ) Horizontal plate (palate)
2. ) Perpendicular plate (walls of nasal cavity and orbit)
3. ) Choanae open to nasal pharynx
37
The nasal bones form what?
Nasal cavities
38
The lacrimal bones connect what?
orbital to nasal cavity
39
What forms the piriform aperture?
- Nasal
| - Maxilla
40
What makes up the nasal cavity walls?
Roof
-Ethmoid
Lateral Wall
- Ethmoid Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae
- Palatine perpendicular plate
- Inferior nasal conchae
- Maxilla
Floor
- Maxilla palatine process
- Palatine bones
Medial Wall = Nasal Septum
- Vomer
- Ethmoid perpendicular plate
- Septal cartilage
41
7 Orbit Bones
- Frontal
- Sphenoid
- Maxilla
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Ethmoid
- Lacrimal
42
The cranial cavity divides cranial bones into ______,______, and _________ fossa
Anterior, Middle, Posterior
43
Bones of the anterior cranial fossa?
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
44
Bones of the middle cranial fossa?
- Sphenoid
| - Temporal
45
Bones of the posterior cranial fossa?
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Temporal
46
What are the parts of the superior and inferior temporal lines?
What muscle is in this area?
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Frontal
- Zygomatic
Temporal muscles are in this area
47
What makes up the zygomatic arch?
- Zygomatic process of temporal bone
| - Temporal process of zygomatic bone
48
What does the hard palate consist of?
- Palatine process of maxilla
| - Palatine Bones
49
What bones have sinuses?
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoidal air cells
- Maxillary sinus
- Sphenoid sinus
FEMS
sinuses for sound resonation
50
Important sutures of the skull?
Coronal
-seperates frontal and parietal
Sagittal
-seperates right and left parietal
Lambdoid
-seperates occipital from parietal
Occipitomastoid
-seperates occipital from temporal
Squamos
-seperates temporal from parietal
Lambda
-intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
Bregma
-intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures
Pterion
-"H" shaped iintersection of coronal, squamos, and sphenoid bone
Vertex
-most superior point of calvaria on sagittal suture
Asterion
-junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and squamos
51
What is the articulation of the TMJ?
Head of mandible with mandibular fossa of temporal bone
52
What is the joint type of the TMJ?
-Synovial modified hinge joint
53
Joint capsule is seperated by the articular disc of the TMJ into _______ and _________ articular cavities which form seperate __________ cavities, each cavity has its own set of movements.
Superior and inferior
Synovial
54
TMJ Ligaments
Lateral ligament of the TMJ
-prevents posterior dislocation
Stylomandibular ligament
-prevents downward dislocation
Sphenomandibular ligament
-prevents downward dislocation
55
Movements of the TMJ?
1. ) pro/retrusion
- occur in the superior articular cavity
2. ) elevation/depression
- occur in the inferior articular cavity
3. ) lateral, ab/adduction
- occur in the inferior articular cavity
56
What are the 4 main muscles of mastication?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Lateral pterygoid
- Medial Pterygoid
57
```
Temporalis
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
```
Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- coronoid process of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
58
```
Masseter
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
```
Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- mandible angle
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
59
```
Lateral pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
```
Origin-lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion- head of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- protraction of jaw, depress to open
60
```
Medial pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
```
Origin- lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion-medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
61
Muscles of facial expression are all innervated by what nerve?
CN7 (facial nerve)
62
What is the main muscle of the scalp?
Occipitofrontalis
63
What is the occipitofrontalis connected by?
Epicranial aponeurosis- raises eyebrow
64
What are the muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks?
- Orbicularis oris
- Buccinator
- Depressor anguli oris
- Levator anguli oris
- Depressor labii inferioris
- Levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
- Platysma
65
The orbicularis oris functions to do what?
close the mouth
66
The buccinator goes from _____/______ to ______.
| It synergizes with the tongue in _______ formation.
- maxilla/mandible
| - bolus
67
Depressor anguli oris goes from ______ to ______.
| This will produce a ______.
- mandible to angle of mouth
| - frown
68
Levator anguli oris goes from ______ to _______.
| This will produce a ____/______.
- maxilla to angle of mouth
| - grin/grimace
69
The depressor labii inferioris goes from ____ to ____.
| This will produce a ____.
- mandible to lower lip
| - pout, pull lower lip out
70
The levator labii superioris goes from ______ to _____.
| This functions to ________.
- maxilla to upper lip
| - pull upper lip out
71
The zygomaticus major goes from _____ to ______.
| This functions to _____.
- lateral zygomatic to angle of mouth
| - smile
72
The zygomaticus minor goes from _____ to _______.
| This functions to _______.
- medial zygomatic to upper lip
| - dilator
73
The platysma goes from _______ to ________.
| This functions to __________ and __________.
- pectoralis major fascia to mandible
| - tighten skin and depress jaw
74
What muscle does the platysma synergize with to depress the jaw?
lateral pterygoid
75
What are the muscles of orbital and nasal openings?
Orbicularis oculi → close eyelids
-Palpebral = soft close
-Orbital = hard close
Nasalis → flare nostrils
