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Anatomy Exam 2 > Vertebrae, Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebrae, Vertebral Column Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of the body of vertebrae?

A

Support body weight

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2
Q

What is the body primarily composed of?

A

Spongy bone, with compact bone shell

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3
Q

Purpose of the trabeculae?

A

Arranged vertically to resist compression

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4
Q

Where are the epiphyseal rims located?

A

Superior and inferior portions on the outside of the body.

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5
Q

The vertebral arch is split into ______ and _______.

A

Pedicles and Laminas (R and L)

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6
Q

Are the pedicles or laminae closer to the vertebral body?

A

Pedicles

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body and arch (pedicle and laminae)

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8
Q

What does the vertebral foramen contain?

A

Spinal cord

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9
Q

Vertebral foramen of connecting vertebrae form what?

A

Vertebral canal

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Floor-Superior vertebral notch of pedicle
Roof-Inferior vertebral notch of pedicle
Posterior-Lamina/zygapophyseal joint
Anterior-Body/disk

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11
Q

What does the intervertebral foramen contain?

A

Spinal nerve

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12
Q

What are the 7 processes on the vertebrae?

A

(1) spinous process- project posteriorly
(2) transverse processes- project laterally
(2) superior articular processes- form 2 zygapophysial joints with inferior articulation process of vertebrae above.
(2) inferior articular processes- form 2 zygapophysial joints with superior articulation process of vertebrae below.

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13
Q

What is the angle between the spinous process and the transverse process called?

A

Gutter

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14
Q

What are the articulations between 2 vertebrae?

A
  • Body to body via disk and uncovertebral joint

- R and L inferior articular facets with superior articular facets

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15
Q

The inferior articular process and superior articular process form what joint to help keep the vertebrae aligned? These processes also do what?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

Limit movement depending on angle of articular surface

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16
Q

Where is movement of the head performed?

A

C1 atlantooccipital joint + all other cervical joints

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17
Q

In general, the cervical is more ______.

A

mobile

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18
Q

The ____________ of the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical vertebrae allows ______________.

A

horizontal oriented articular surface

Flex/extension, ab/adduction, rotation

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19
Q

What are the identifying features of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Transverse foramen
  • Anterior and posterior tubercles
  • grooves for spinal nerves
  • uncinate process
  • bifid spinous process
  • vertebrae prominens
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20
Q

What goes through the cervical transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries and veins

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21
Q

Where are the cervical anterior and posterior tubercles located?

A

On the transverse process

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22
Q

What are the muscle attachments for the anterior and posterior tubercles of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Scalenes and levator scapulae

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23
Q

The cervical tubercles together make up what?

A

Grooves for spinal nerves

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24
Q

What is the uncinate process and its function?

A

Elevated superior epiphyseal rim anterior and laterally (*not posterior) which allows for free flexion and extension but limits ab/adduction

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25
The uncinate process forms what joint?
Uncovertebral joint
26
What is the bifid spinous process?
Forked portion of cervical spinous process at C3-C6 (*good for ID on practical)
27
Where is the vertebral prominens located?
Located on C7, long spinous process
28
C1 is known as?
Atlas, atlantooccipital joint
29
What does the atlas not have?
Vertebral body or spinous process
30
The atlas has what instead of a vertebral body?
Anterior arch
31
What on the lateral side of C1 contains superior and inferior articular processes? What does it do?
Lateral masses | Transmits weight from head to C2
32
C2 is known as?
Axis, atlantoaxial joint
33
Another name for the dens and its purpose.
Obontoid process | Projects superior and forms a pivot for the atlantoaxial joint around which the head rotates (no)
34
Purpose of the superior articular facets of the axis.
Transmits weight from lateral masses of C1 to body of C2.
35
What are the 4 feeds to the brain?
(2) carotid | (2) vertebral
36
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
37
Which vertebrae have costal facets on their bodies to allow for a rib to articulate above and below?
T2-T9
38
These articulations of the ribs to the bodies of vertebae limit ________ and limit ________.
- Limit flex/extension | - Limit Ab/Adduction
39
Ribs also attach to the _________ _______ of the vertebrae
-Transverse process
40
The ribs pivot minimally at the vertebrae to allow for _________
Breathing
41
What are the three places where ribs attach?
Sup and Inf Vertebral body | Inf Vertebral transverse process
42
5
5
43
6
6
44
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
45
Why do lumbar have massive bodies?
To support weight
46
Sagittal oriented T12-L1 articular processes allow what?
Flexion/extension and limited ab/adduction, but blocks rotation
47
Coronally oriented articular processes of inferior lumbar vertebrae allow what?
Ab/adduction and rotation, but limit flexion/extension
48
Sagittal oriented processes are located _______ while coronally oriented articular processes are located _______.
Superior | Inferior
49
What is different about L5 vertebrae?
It is the largest vertebrae The body is higher anteriorly than posteriorly creating the lumbosacral angle
50
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5 fused
51
What is the sacral canal and what does it house?
It is a continuation of the vertebral canal and houses the cauda equina (spinal roots)
52
The anterior and posterior sacral foramena serve as openings for what?
Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves. Ventral- Hip and leg muscles and dermatomes Dorsal- dorsal dermatomes and muscles
53
The superior articular processes does what?
Articulates with L5 to contribute to the lumbosacral angle. (130-160 degrees)
54
What is the sacral promontory?
Projection of S1 into the pelvic cavity
55
Where is the apex of the sacrum
inferior end
56
Pelvic vs Dorsal surface
Pelvic- "smooth and concave" | Dorsal- "rough and convex"
57
The sacral crest is divided into what 3 parts? | What are these projections for?
- Median, intermediate, lateral sacral crest | - Projections are for muscle attachments
58
What is the hiatus?
Opening at the inferior sacrum
59
The sacroiliac joint is made up of what?
Lateral and anterior articular surfaces | lateral and posterior sacral tuberosity
60
The auricular surface is a planar synovial joint while the sacral tuberosity is a _______ joint.
syndesmosis (fibrous) joint
61
Why are females coccyx straight?
Birth canal
62
Function of the coccyx.
Anchors pelvic diaphragm | Regulates pressure
63
Where are intervertebral joints located?
between bodies
64
The IV disks are composed of what?
Annulus fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus
65
The IV joints account for ___ percentage of the vertebral column length.
25
66
A decrease length in the disk means what?
Decreased mobility
67
Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament and what does it do?
Runs from C1 and occipital bone to pelvic surface of sacrum, interconnecting the anterior/lateral surfaces of vertebrae Limits extension of vertebral column
68
Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament and what does it do?
Runs from C2 to sacrum through the vertebral canal interconnection posterior bodies and IV disks Limits hyperflexion Weaker than anterior ligament
69
Zygapophyseal is classified as what?
Plane type synovial joint | Weak capsule
70
Ligaments that stabilize the zygapophyseal joint and where they are.
- Ligament flava- connects lamina - Interspinous ligaments- connects spinous processes - Supraspinous ligaments- on top of spinous processes - Nuchal ligaments- connects cervical spinous processeses to occipital - Intertransverse ligaments- connect transverse processes
71
All of the ligaments of the zygapophyseal joint do what?
Limit flexion because they are located posteriorly
72
The atlantooccipital joint is classified as what?
Condyloid type synovial joint
73
What does the atlantooccipital joint allow?
Flexion/extension
74
Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes are composed of what?
Ligaments/capsules
75
The atlantoaxial joint is located where?
Between C2 and C1
76
What are the 3 articulations that form the joint?
(2) lateral antantoaxial apophyseal joints- between superior articular processes of axis and lateral masses of atlas (1) median atlantoaxial joint (pivot joint)
77
The atlantoaxial joint does what movement?
rotation
78
Ligaments of the atlanto-axial joint
- transverse ligament of atlas - longitudinal bands of... - cruciate ligament - alar ligaments - tectoral membrane
79
What is the main function of the atlanto-axial ligaments?
Mainly hold dens | Limit flexion and ab/adduction
80
Two joint types of the sacroiliac joint
anterior- planar, synovial joint | posterior- syndesmosis between interlocking tuberous surfaces of sacrum and ilium
81
Movements of the sacroiliac joint
Slight depression when weight is applied | Rotate (tilt) the coccyx posterior (out) when weight is applied
82
SI joint ligaments
Anterior SI ligaments-thickening of synovial joint capsule Interosseous SI ligaments- limits all movement and transfers weight to hip Posterior SI ligaments- big and strong shock absorbers that limit depression of sacrum and elevation of ilium Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments- limit posterior tilt of sacrum/coccyx
83
Movements of the vertebral column
Flexion/extension Ab/adduction Rotation Flexion blocked by ribs
84
Movement of the vertebral column is limited by what?
IV disk thickness, elasticity, and compressibility Zygapophyseal joint shape and orientation Zygapophyseal joint capsule strength (thickness)
85
T or F. Movements at individual intervertebral joints are small.
True, the summation produces considerable movement
86
Lumbar region is set up for _______, allowing minimal _______.
Flexion and extension | Rotation
87
Thoracic region is set up for _______, allowing for minimal _______.
Rotation | Flexion and extension
88
Curvatures in the vertebral column
Cervical=lordosis Thoracic=kyphosis Lumbar=lordosis Sacral=kyphosis LKLK
89
Why is the spine curved?
Shock absorption Easier to balance curved Flexibility
90
Main arteries of the cervical vertebrae
vertebral and ascending cervical
91
Main arteries of the thoracic vertebrae
posterior intercostal arteries
92
Main arteries of the lumbar vertebrae
subcostal and lumbar arteries
93
Main arteries of the sacral vertebrae
iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries
94
Veins of the vertebral column
- Anterior and posterior external vertebral plexus - Anterior and posterior internal vertebral plexus - Basivertebral vein- drains blood from vertebral body into anterior internal and external plexus
95
Nerves of the vertebral column
Recurrent meningeal nerve Articular branches from medial branches from posterior rami

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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