***ALL resp meds (no patho)*** Flashcards
(189 cards)
1
Q
what is used to relieve nasal obstruction & discharge?
A
Nasal Decongestants
2
Q
what drugs breakdown and liquify respiratory tract secretions?
A
Mucolytics
3
Q
what drugs block muscarinic cholinergic receptors by antagonizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in smooth muscle ?
A
Muscarinic Antagonists
4
Q
what drugs block the release or action of histamine at the histamine-1 receptor sites?
A
antihistamines
5
Q
what drugs increase productive cough to clear the airway?
A
expectorants
6
Q
what drugs are used to suppress non-purposeful coughing?
A
antitussives
7
Q
what kind of drug is Benzonate (Tessalon perles) ?
A
antitussive
8
Q
what kind of drug is Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?
A
nasal decongestant
9
Q
what meds are indicated for allergic rhinitis? (2)
A
1) Antihistamines
2) Montelukast (Singulair)
10
Q
what drugs are used to tx cystic fibrosis?
A
Mucolytics
11
Q
what is the onset & duration of Guaifenesin (mucinex)?
A
Onset → 30 mins
Duration → 4-6 hours
12
Q
What kind of drug is Dextromethorphan (Delsym)?
A
antitussive
13
Q
what drugs are the mainstay of asthma tx & advanced COPD?
A
corticosteroids
14
Q
what drugs are also know as an anticholinergic ?
A
Muscarinic Antagonists
15
Q
what drugs are used for liquifying resp secretions in asthma?
A
Mucolytics
16
Q
which drugs cause sedation?
A
antihistamines
17
Q
what kind of drug is Oxymetazoline (Afrin)?
A
Nasal Decongestants
18
Q
what drugs are indicated for seasonal allergies?
A
antihistamines
19
Q
What kind of drug is Codeine?
A
antitussive
20
Q
what drugs are contraindicated in those w a hx of arrhythmias?
A
antihistamines
21
Q
what drugs are used for bronchiectasis?
A
Mucolytics
22
Q
what drug inhibits the muscarinic M3 receptors in the lungs?
A
Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)
23
Q
what kind of drug is Phenylephrine (Vazculep; Neo-synephrine)?
A
Nasal Decongestants
24
Q
what meds cause GI upset? (3)
A
1) Mucolytics
2) antihistamines
3) Montelukast (Singulair)
25
what kind of drug is Hydrocodone bitartrate?
antitussive
26
what drugs are used in COPD? (4)
1) Mucolytics
2) Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
3) Methylxanthines
4) Corticosteroids (advanced COPD)
27
what med causes aggression?
Montelukast (Singulair)
28
what kind of drug is Guaifenesin (mucinex)?
expectorant
29
what drugs are indicated for angioedema?
antihistamines
30
what kind of drug is Fluticasone **(Flonase)**?
Nasal Decongestants
31
what kind of drug is Fluticasone **(Flovent)**?
Corticosteroid
32
what drugs are pregnancy category C but are category D during labor?
antitussives
33
what meds cause stomatitis?
Mucolytics
34
what drugs can cause thickening of secretions?
antihistamines
35
what med causes liver dysfunction?
Montelukast (Singulair)
36
what kind of drug is Triamcinolone (Nasacort)?
Nasal Decongestants
37
what drugs are indicated for motion sickness?
antihistamines
38
what drugs are used for chronic bronchitis?
Mucolytics
39
what med can cause anticholinergic side effects?
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
40
what drugs are contraindicated in pts with persistent cough due to smoking, asthma, or emphysema?
Expectorants
41
what kind of med is Elixophyllin (Theophylline)?
Methylxanthines
42
what is the route of admin for Elixophyllin (Theophylline)?
PO or IV
43
what meds cause drying of mucus membranes? (2)
1) antitussives
2) antihistamines
44
which meds cause drying of resp & GI mucus membranes?
antihistamines
45
what meds are used AFTER a SABA?
Muscarinic Antagonists
46
what meds cause rhinorrhea?
Mucolytics
47
how should albuterol be used for exercise induced asthma?
2 puffs 15 to 30 minutes before exercising
48
what drugs are indicated for allergic reactions?
antihistamines
49
what kind of drug is Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)?
SHORT ACTING Muscarinic Antagonist
50
which med causes local stinging and burning?
Nasal Decongestants
51
what meds cause headaches? (6)
1) Antitussives
2) Expectorants
3) Muscarinic Antagonists
4) Fluticasone (Flovent)
5) Montelukast (Singulair)
6) Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
52
what meds are used in COPD to reduce exacerbations?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
53
what med is generally well tolerated?
Montelukast (Singulair)
54
which med causes rebound congestion?
Nasal Decongestants
55
what drug is a selective beta2 agonist with minor beta1 activity ?
Albuterol
56
what drugs cause arrhythmias? (2)
1) Antihistamines
2) Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
57
what kind of drug is Acetylcysteine (Acetadote, Parvolex)?
Mucolytic
58
what drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation? (2)
1) antihistamines
2) Methylxanthines
59
how should albuterol be used for bronchospasm/constriction?
Inhaler solution → 3 to 4 times a day
Inhaled powder → 3 to 4 times a day
60
what meds cause drowsiness? (2)
1) antitussives → dextromethorphan
2) antihistamines
61
what drugs are contraindicated in pts with a productive cough lasting more than one week?
Expectorants
62
what meds cause bronchoconstriction & bronchospasm? (2)
1) Mucolytics (both)
2) Mast cell stabilizers (spasm)
63
what drugs are contraindicated in pts with a hx of prolonged QT intervals?
antihistamines
64
What kind of med is Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)?
LONG ACTING Muscarinic Antagonist
65
what meds have several drug interactions?
Methylxanthines
66
What med causes angina?
albuterol
67
what med causes chest pain?
Mast cell stabilizers
68
what meds cause nausea? (6)
1) Dextromethorphan
2) Expectorants **and vomiting**
3) antihistamines
4) Elixophyllin (Theophylline) **and vomiting**
5) Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
6) Mast cell stabilizers
69
what drugs cause dysuria?
antihistamines
70
what are leukotriene modifiers?
AKA leukotriene receptor antagonist
71
which meds cause increased BP?
Nasal Decongestants
72
what is known as a "rescue drug" and why?
Short acting beta agonists (SABA) → always used first to tx an acute attack
73
what meds cause rash? (3)
1) Dextromethorphan
2) Expectorants
3) Mucolytics
74
what kind of med is Albuterol (proair, ventolin, proventil)?
Short acting beta agonists (SABA)
75
which drug can NOT be used if allergic to peanuts or soy products?
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
76
what meds cause dizziness? (5)
1) Antitussives
2) Expectorants
3) Antihistamines
4) Muscarinic Antagonists
5) Mast cell stabilizers
77
what is the half life for Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)?
typically 12 hrs
78
for what med should pts be taught not to smoke? (2)
1) Antihistamines
2) Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
79
what kind of drug is Dornase alfa (Pulmozyme)?
Mucolytic
80
what meds are often used in combo with a steroid?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
81
what drugs cause restlessness?
Mast cell stabilizers
82
for which meds should you teach the pt to drink plenty of fluids?
antihistamines
83
what meds SHOULD NOT be used in children less than age 4 and NEVER WITHOUT A STEROID?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
84
which meds cause urinary retention? (2)
1) Nasal Decongestants
2) Muscarinic Antagonists
85
what drugs cause urinary hesitancy?
antihistamines
86
what med causes difficulty breathing?
Dextromethorphan
87
what meds cause urticaria?
Mucolytics
88
what med requires drug monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic range?
what is the range?
Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
10-20 mcg/mL
89
leukotriene modifiers decrease the action of leukotrienes which are strong mediators of what?
bronchoconstriction & inflammation
90
for which med should you shake the inhaler before use?
Short acting beta agonists (SABA)
91
what meds should be avoided with NSAIDs?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
92
what are NEVER used as a rescue inhaler?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
93
which med has a fast onset via nebulizer?
Acetylcysteine
94
How many times can Short acting beta agonists (SABA) be used ?
2-4 puffs every 20 minutes, up to 3 doses
No relief → call doctor
95
which meds are contraindicated in pts with glaucoma?
Nasal Decongestants
96
what are ONLY used as maintenance therapy for asthma?
Leukotriene modifiers
97
what meds are a group of alkaloids used for their effects as a bronchodilator?
Methylxanthines
98
what meds are contraindicated in those with head injury?
antitussives
99
what may be used as a second line tx in asthma?
Methylxanthines
100
what drugs can cause taste changes?
Mast cell stabilizers
101
which meds are contraindicated in pts with HTN? (2)
1) Nasal Decongestants
2) Albuterol
102
Fluticasone (Flovent) may be used alone or in combo with what?
other bronchodilators
103
what meds should be taken with meals to avoid GI upset?
antihistamines
104
what kind of drug is Salmeterol (Servent)?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
105
what meds are contraindicated in those who could be impaired by CNS depression?
antitussives
106
what meds should be avoided when taking antihistamines?
other meds that also cause sedation
107
what meds cause tachyarrhythmias?
Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
108
what med can cause seizures?
albuterol
109
which meds are contraindicated in pts with diabetes? (2)
1) Nasal Decongestants
2) Albuterol
110
what drugs can cause sore throat?
Mast cell stabilizers
111
inhaled steroids are NOT for what?
emergency use!!
112
what kind of drug is Formoterol (Foradil)?
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
113
what meds are cautioned in pts with asthma?
antitussives
114
which meds can cause impaired alertness?
antihistamines
115
which meds are contraindicated in pts with thyroid disease?
Nasal Decongestants
116
what meds should be avoided with beta blockers?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
117
what med causes hyperglycemia?
Fluticasone (Flovent)
118
what meds are cautioned in pts with COPD?
antitussives
119
what meds cause fatigue? (2)
1) Muscarinic Antagonists
2) Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
120
what kind of drug is Beclomethasone (QVAR)?
corticosteroid
121
which meds are contraindicated in pts with coronary disease? (2)
1) Nasal Decongestants
2) Albuterol (CAD)
122
What is the blackbox warning for Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)?
Salmeterol (serevent) & Formoterol (Foradil) should NOT be used WITHOUT a steroid in asthma for all ages
123
what meds are cautioned in children with atopic syndrome?
antitussives
124
what meds cause increased HR? (2)
1) Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists → albuterol (tachycardia)
2) Nasal Decongestants (increased HR)
125
current asthma guidelines do not support the use of what meds?
Methylxanthines
126
for what meds should pts be told NOT to take more than 1 at a time?
antihistamines
127
what med causes adrenal insufficiency?
Fluticasone (Flovent)
128
what med causes sleep disturbances?
Montelukast (Singulair)
129
which meds are contraindicated in pts with prostate disease?
Nasal Decongestants
130
for which meds should caution be taken in pts with hepatic impairment? (2)
1) Fluticasone (Flovent)
2) Leukotriene modifiers
131
with what meds should alcohol be avoided?
Dextromethorphan
132
what med is known as "maintenance drug"
Long-acting beta agonists (LABA)
133
what meds cause insomnia? (2)
1) Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists → albuterol
2) Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
134
For what meds should pts not use for more than 5 days unless instructed? (2)
1) nasal decongestants
2) antitussives
135
with what med should caffeine be avoided?
Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
136
what is the black box warning for immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies?
Anaphylaxis (<0.1%)
137
what med is indicated for asthma but rarely used?
leukotriene modifiers
138
what drug inhibits IgE binding to IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils?
Omalizumab → Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
139
What do other drugs in the Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies class do?
target production of eosinophils
140
What kind of drug is Montelukast (singulair)?
Leukotriene modifier
141
with what med should several psych drugs be avoided?
Dextromethorphan
142
for what med should pts be taught NOT to drive or operate heavy equipment?
antihistamines
143
what med causes candida infection?
Fluticasone (Flovent)
144
what kind of drug is Cromolyn (NasalCrom)?
Mast cell stabilizer
145
for which meds should caution be used with OTC drugs? (2)
1) nasal decongestants
2) antitussives
146
what meds cause agitation? (2)
1) albuterol
2) Montelukast (Singulair)
147
when are leukotriene modifiers taken?
at night
148
what med causes irritability?
Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
149
what meds cause dry mouth? (2)
1) Muscarinic Antagonists → Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)
2) Fluticasone (Flovent)
150
what drugs are contraindicated in the presence of acute bronchospasm? (3)
1) Mucolytics
2) Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
3) Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)
151
what can lead to loss of smell?
nasal zinc sulfate
152
List two 1st generation antihistamines
1) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)**
2) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
153
List two 2nd generation antihistamines
1) Certirizine (Zyrtec)**
2) Loratadine (alavert, claritin)
154
List one 3rd generation antihistamine
Fexofenadine (Allegra)**
155
what meds are used as adjunctive therapy for moderate to severe asthma?
Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
156
Mast cell stabilizers are NOT for what?
tx of acute asthma attacks
157
what med is contraindicated in pts with seizure disorders?
Albuterol
158
for what med should pts be taught to avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight?
antihistamines
159
what meds are indicated for nocturnal asthma? (4)
Montelukast (singulair)
Albuterol
Long-acting beta agonists
Leukotrienes
160
what meds are indicated for exercise induced asthma/bronchoconstriction? (3)
1) Short acting beta agonists (SABAS)
2) Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
3) Montelukast (Singulair)
161
what drugs can cause hypotension?
Mast cell stabilizers
162
For Montelukast (Singulair), what are the age limitations for exercise induced bronchoconstriction?
1 tablet at least 2 hours before exercise for pts 6 years and older
163
For Montelukast (Singulair), what are the age limitations for seasonal allergic rhinitis?
daily, age 2 and older
164
For Montelukast (Singulair), what are the age limitations for asthma?
12 months and older
165
what meds can cause cough? (2)
1) Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva)
2) Fluticasone (Flovent)
166
what meds cause anxiety?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
167
What class are Beta 2 adrenergic agonist meds?
bronchodilators
168
what are the 2 types of Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists?
Short acting (SABA)
Long acting (LABA)
169
what meds cause sweating?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
170
what class are Muscarinic antagonists?
bronchodilators
171
what meds cause hoarseness? (2)
1) Muscarinic Antagonists
2) Fluticasone (Flovent)
172
what meds are effective long term therapy for asthma?
Mast cell stabilizers
173
what meds cause smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, muscles, and liver?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
174
what class are Leukotriene receptor antagonists?
bronchodilators
175
what meds cause pain at injection site?
Immunosuppressant monoclonal antibodies
176
what med has a reduced effect when taken with phenytoin?
Montelukast (Singulair)
177
what meds cause tremors/shakiness? (2)
1) Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
albuterol → muscle tremors
2) Elixophyllin (Theophylline)
178
what meds cause vasodilation of the bronchial passage?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
179
what meds cause depression & suicidal thoughts/behaviors?
Montelukast (Singulair)
180
what meds cause palpitations? (2)
1) Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists → albuterol
2) Muscarinic Antagonists
181
what class are Methylxanthines?
bronchodilators
182
what meds cause the release of insulin?
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
183
what is important to note about the usage of combined bronchodilator asthma meds? (2)
Always give SABA first if not combined***
Includes a SAMA and a SABA, NEVER RESCUE INHALER
184
what percent of inhaled steroids make it to the lungs?
10-30%
185
list the only 2 generic ICS+LABA combo inhalers available
Budesonide + Formoterol
Fluticasone + Salmeterol
186
what is the black box warning for leukotriene modifiers?
Psychiatric side effects such as aggression, depression, agitation, sleep disturbances, suicidal thoughts, and suicide
187
what is the medication regimen for inhaled asthma meds?
1) SABA and LABA → Short acting beta agonists & long acting beta agonists
2) SAMA and LAMA → Short acting muscarinic antagonists & long acting muscarinic antagonists
3) ICS → Inhaled corticosteroids
188
What is the medication regimen for oral asthma meds?
1) Methylxanthines
2) Corticosteroids
3) Leukotriene receptor antagonist (inhibitor)
189
what is the medication regimen for combination asthma meds?
1) SABA + SAMA → Short acting beta agonists & short acting muscarinic antagonists
2) LABA + LAMA → Long acting beta agonists & long acting muscarinic antagonists
3) LABA + ICS → Long acting beta agonists & inhaled corticosteroids
4) LABA + LAMA + ICS → Long acting beta agonists & long acting muscarinic antagonists & inhaled corticosteroids
