All Test Science Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
What does red blood cells contain
A
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin which contains lots of iron
2
Q
What shapes do the red blood cells have and why
A
They have a flat concave shape which allows it to enter oxygen fast which they need to have a better gas exchange they need a bigger surface area
3
Q
Why is having a flexible shape good
A
They can enter every part of our body
4
Q
What does blood collect and why
A
Water oxygen and nutrients
To provide them to the cells
5
Q
Why does Rae blood collect carbon dioxide and waste
A
To get rid of it
6
Q
What are capillaries
A
They are the final distanition of the oxygen
7
Q
How does capillaries look like
A
They have small holes between them and only cell walls that are thick
8
Q
Vocabulary of our respiratory system
A
Lungs ribcage ( bones ribs and muscles - diaphragm and intericoastal
9
Q
Inhale
A
Air gets in because it increases the size of my ribcage I create an under pressure
10
Q
When inhale what happens to the diaphragm
A
Flattens and is contracted
11
Q
Exhale
A
Put more pressure diaphragm rises
12
Q
Aerobic respiration
A
Oxygen reacts with glucose to produce carbon dioxide and water and energy a lot which we need for living
13
Q
Calcium
A
Strong teeth and bones
14
Q
Nose - …
A
Nose throat trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
15
Q
Diffusion
A
When there is any particles that are going from a high concentrated place to a low concentrated
16
Q
What does the Alveoli and capillary do
A
Alveoli and then the capillary are taking the oxygen in and the carbon dioxide out
17
Q
When you breathe in:
A
Your diaphragm goes down
Your intercostals muscles contract causing your ribs to expand your lungs get bigger
18
Q
When you breathe out
A
Your diaphragm goes up your intercostal muscles relax and your ribs move inwards your lungs get smaller
19
Q
Skeleton
A
Skull Mondible- in the mouth Neck Scapula - near the shoulders Ribs Humerus / upper arm Vertebrae bone connecting ribs Pelvis Radius - middle of arm Ulna - 1 of the bones in the arm Femur - upper leg Tibia - down leg Patella - knee
20
Q
What bones does the skull protect t
A
The brain
21
Q
Name the bones found i. Your neck
A
7
22
Q
Describe the role of your ribs
A
Protecting our lungs
23
Q
Common name for tibia
A
Shin
24
Q
Name the bones that form the hip
A
Pelvic bone
25
Name the bones that form the knee
Patella
26
Name the bones that form the elbow
Radius
27
What is muscles function
Muscles move the bones and pulls on a bone when it contacts ( gets shorter and fatter)
28
What do you say when. A muscle is not contracted
Relaxed
29
Tendons function
Attach the muscles to the bones
30
Ligaments function
Hold the bones uma joint
31
What is a ball and socket joint
Joint where a ball shaped piece of bone fits into a socket made by other bones
32
What is the ball and socket joint movement
Everywhere
33
What is the hinge joint movement
Up and down
34
Hinge joint
Joint where two bons form a hinge
35
Muscles names
Muscle on the right is a biceps
In the middle it’s the upper arm bone
On the left muscle it’s the triceps
And under both it’s the lower arm bones
36
What is underneath the triceps
Underneath the triceps it’s the ligament
37
What is underneath the biceps
Underneath the biceps it’s the tendon
38
Antagonistic pair
To muscles that pull a bone in opposite directions
39
The biceps and the triceps are
Antagonist pair
40
To bend the elbow
Biceps …..
Triceps …
Biceps contracts
| Triceps relaxe
41
To straighten the elbow the
The triceps contrast
| Qnd biceps relax
42
Fractures
Broken bones
43
Dislocations
When’s bone comes out of a place in anoint which means that muscle cannot pull the bones in the correct directions
44
Pulled muscles
When a muscle or a tendon has been stretched too much
45
Sprains
When a ligament has been stretched too much
46
Your heart blood and blood vessels are all part of your
Circulatory system
47
The process which plant cells to release energy is called
Photosynthesis
48
A type of joint which allow movement in just two opposite directions
Fixed joint
49
When a muscles get shorter and fatter it
Contracts
50
Another name for the trachea is
Windpipe
51
Write out the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water which produces lots of energy which r need
52
Function of white blood cells
White blood cells are part of the body’s immune system they help the body fight infections and other diseases
53
What does the skeletal system do
1 allows movement
2 produces blood cells
3 protects and supports organs
54
Diet
Diet is what you eat and drink
55
Why do you need for your health
Energy growth and repair and for your health
56
What is a nutrient
A nutrient is any substance needed for energy or used as a raw material to make other substances
57
your diet should contain the following nutrients
```
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins and minerals
Water
Fibre
```
58
Why do you need protein
For growth and repair
59
Why do you need carbohydrates
For energy
60
Why do you need fats
Used to store energy
61
Why do you need vitimans and minerals
For health grown and repair
62
Why do you need water
For dissolving and carrying substances around the body for temperature control through sweating
63
Why do you need fiber
Is not classed as a nutrient because it is not digested or absorbed by the body but you need it to keep your intestines healthy
64
Another word for fats
Lipid
65
A lack of fibre
Constipation your intestine become blocked
66
Examples of fibre
Whole meal bread . Brown or whole grain rice , cereals , lentils , nuts and fruits
67
Examples of protein
```
Meat
fish
Eggs
Dairy products
Beans
```
68
Examples of carbohydrates
```
Bread
Beans
Milk
Popcorn
Pasta
```
69
Examples of fats
```
Butter
Oil
Nuts
Meat
Fish
```
70
Examples of minerals
```
Cereals
Bread
Meat
Fish
Dairy
Fruit specials dried
```
71
Why does our body need energy
Our body needs energy for growing moving and keeping warm
72
What is the unit energy is measured in
Joules (j)
73
Conversion kg g m um
Kg -> times 1000 g _> times 1000 mg
| G Kg divide by 1000 g. Divide by 1000 -mg
74
Hazard
A hazard is the harm that something may cause
75
Risk
The chance of a hazard causing harm is a risk
76
Iodine solution
Stains skin and clothing
| Stings if it gets in your eyes
77
Biuret solution
Corrosive - attacks skin
| Corrosive can damage eyes
78
Sugar
Soluble carbohydrate which exist as small particles glucose is an example
79
starch is the main carbohydrate
Rice pasta potatoes and bread
80
What about sugar
Sugar is a carbohydrates found in sweet food which can damage your teeth
81
What happens if we don’t use all the carbohydrates you eat
Your body turns them run in to fat and stores Them overeating carbohydrates makes people get larger
82
What is a balanced diet
A balanced diet is when you eat food from many sources to get the right amounts of the different nutrients
83
Who needs lots of protein in their diet
Athletes body builders and young people
84
Why does our body use protein
Are our body use protein to make substances to build new cells , repair your body and to let you grow
85
Muscles are mainly
Protein
86
You need a …….. quantities of vitamins and minerals in your body
Small
87
Vítima in A
Carrots cheese eggs oily fish
88
Why is vitamin A good
Keeps eyes and skin healthy
89
Vitamins c
Lemons limes orange pineapple
90
Why is vitamin C good
Keeps skin and gums healthy
91
Vitamin D
Oily fish red meats eggs
92
Why is vitamin D good
Keeps bones and teeth strong
93
Calcium
Milk cheese
94
Why is calcium good
Used in bones and teeth
95
Iron examples food
Beans meat dark green vegetables
96
Why is iron A good
Used in red blood cells
97
Independent variables
Variables that are changed
| Amount of water
98
Dependent variables
Variables affected by the change
99
Health problems caused by obisity
High bloood pressure and type 2 diabetes
100
Eating too much fat
Causes some blood vessels to get blocked
101
Why is exercise good
Exercise strengthens your muscles and bones that help you move it also strengthens your heart muscles making the heart better at pumping your blood
102
Drugs effect
Because fumegue affect how your body works they Amy also change how it develops
103
Smoking tobacco
Can damage your ciliated epithelial cells in the tubes leading the lungs which help our lungs clean in your respiratory system
104
Why is the cilia damage
The heat and substances of the smoke damage the cilia and paralyses them. They no longer wave and so cannot sweep up the mucus
105
Why is nicotine bad
Affect our brain and increases heart rate
106
Nicotine damages
Blood vessels and can make them more likely to be blocked
107
Tar is bad because
It can cause cancer which makes tissues make new cells in an uncontrollable way the new cells may form a lump called a tumour
108
Line graph
Graph of two variables both measured in numbers
109
Line of best fit
Straight or curved line drawn through the middles of the points to show the pattern of the data points
110
Electrons have
Negative charge
111
Atoms are
Neutral
112
Neutrons
Particles with no charge in the nucleus of an atom
113
Nucleus
The central part of an atom contains protons and neutrons
114
Positively charged particles
Protons
115
Opposite charges
Attract
116
How is the atom hoop together
Because of the positive charged protons and the negative charged electrons attract to each other
117
Chromatogram
The pattern of spots produced during chromatography
118
Soluble
Substance dissolves to form a solution
119
Solvent
A liquid that dissolves a soluble substance
120
If dues are soluble
They will dissolve in the somvent
121
Attraction to the solvent is high
Low
122
Attraction to the solvent low
High
123
Solution
Is a mixture of a solute and a solvent
124
Example of a solute
Salt it dissolves in water
125
Example of a solvent
Water
126
What do you call solutions which do not dissolve in the solvent
Insoluble
127
The more solvent you add the more
Concentrated the solution is
128
Concentration
A measurement for f how many times particles of a certain type there are in a volume of a liquid or gas
129
Dilute solution
Has a small number of solute particles dissolves in a large volume of solvent
130
A comcentrated solution
Has a lagg rg E number of solute particles dissolved in a small volume of solvent
131
Saturation point
When the solute can not dissolve anymore
132
Why does the solute dissolve
Solute sdiasolve because the solvent particles bump into the solute breaking it up into individual particles
133
Temperature increases the solvent
Particles have more energy so move around more this means they hit the solute mor soften and with more force
134
A student made a solution with a weak conecentraion
How can they make it
More concentrated
Btw ding more solute
135
Reactant
Substances that changes in a chemical reaction to form products
136
Product
Substances made during a chemical reaction
137
Clues to see if a chemical reaction has been made
Bubbles - this shows a gas has been made
A change in color - a new product has been made ina different color to the reactants
Change in temperature- increas or decreae
Rusting
138
Inert
A chemical that is unreactive
139
If a compound ends in - ate it means
It contains oxygen
140
No atoms are ever
Lost
141
Pure substance
Only contains one type of particles
142
Mixture
Contains different types of subastenaces
143
Pure metal
High purity
144
Alloy
Lower purity
145
Neautralisation
Chemical reaction between an add and an alkali which produces a neutral solution
146
Endothermic
A reaction that the system absorbs energy from its surroundings in the form of heat
147
Endothermic
(Takes energy from the outside) gets colder
148
Exothermic
A reaction that releases energy from the system in the form of heat
149
Exothermic
Releases energy onto the environment ( gets warmer)
150
Which is a substance and which are a reactant or product
Magnesium + copper oxide -> magnesium oxide + copper
Magnesium oxide. - product
Magnesium- reactant
Copper oxide - reactant
Copper - product
151
Magnesium + Oxygen ->
Magnesium oxide
152
Sodium + chlorine
Sodium chlorine
153
Copper + sulphur
Copper sulphide
154
Glucose + oxygen
Carbon dioxide + water + (energy)
155
Metal + water
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen
156
Metal + sulfuric scid
Metal sulfate = salt + hydrogen
157
Magnesium l + hydrochloride acid
Magnesium chloride and hydrogen
158
Metal + oxygen produce
Metal oxide
159
Apparatus to measure distance
Measuring cylinder
Tape measure
39 cm ruler
160
Units of distance
```
Mestre rule
Kilometer
Decimeter
Millimeter
Centimeter
Light year
```
161
Apparatus to measure time
Sundial
Stopwatch
Stop clock
162
How do you investigate movement
Stopwatch
Timer
Distance
163
I average
Mean
164
Firing the average time
```
V = s/t
V = speed
S = distance
T = time
```
165
Resultant force
Shows the single total force acting on an object where all the forces acting on its red added up
166
Balanced forces
When the resultant force is 0
167
Unbalanced forces
Where the is a resultant force
168
Upthrust
The upwards force form a liquid on an object in a liquid also applied to the upwards force on a object in a gas
169
Normal force
When an object touched a surface there is a force on the object at 90 degrees to the surfave ( normal to the surface
170
Effort
The force that you put in to move the load
171
Pivot
the point about which the forces turn
172
Distance of the pivot
This produces a larger turning effect using a loader
173
Calculating Turing forces
Movement = force x distance from the pivot
174
Calculate pressure
Force/ area
175
Why is it a good that cameos have such large feet
This speeds their weight over a large area and so the camels exert less pressure on the surface of the ground this makes them less likely to sink
So it is easier for them to walk
176
Why does vehicles that move over soft grounds have wider turned
So thy won’t sink on soft ground to drive across the three spread the weights of the vehicle over a large area this reduces the pressure on the surface caused by the vehicpe
177
Gas pressure
The effect caused by the forces caused by the collisions from gas particles on the walls of the container
178
Why is the particles in a gas so far apart and moving
Because the gas particles inside are hitting the sides the f the ballon
179
Gas pressure increase when
The are more particles inside the container this increase the frequency of the collision with eh sides
180
Increasing the temperature
Also increase ga apressure this is because the particles have more energy so they move about more quickly
