ALS Lecture 10 - The Lower Limb, Muscle Groups DONE Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
deep fascia is a _____ fibrous tissue that covers ____
A
fibrous, whole body under skin
2
Q
it encloses different parts of the limbs into
A
compartments
3
Q
what do compartments maximise? (2)
A
- maximise muscle work
- venous return
4
Q
fascia lata is the
A
deep fascia in the thigh
5
Q
fascia lata is continuous from
A
inguinal ligament, Scarpa’s fascia (abdomen)
6
Q
fascia lata attaches to
A
pelvis superiorly
7
Q
fascia lata runs distally down the knee, enclosing 2 muscle groups
A
- tensor fascia latae - hip flexors, knee extensors
2. gluteus maximus - hip abductors
8
Q
2 openings of fascia lata
A
cribriform fascia, saphenous opening
9
Q
what happens in the cribriform fascia opening of the fascia lata?
A
great saphenous vein drains into femoral vein
10
Q
crural fascia is
A
continuation of fascia lata, deep fascia in the leg (knee-ankle)
11
Q
crural fascia fuses to
A
tibia
12
Q
crural fascia thickens to form the
A
extensor retinacula at ankle joint
13
Q
label the diagram of the fasciae
A
done
14
Q
muscles in the same compartment have the same/similar (3)
A
functions, blood supply, innervation
15
Q
compartments of the thigh
A
anterior, middle, posterior
16
Q
compartments of the leg
A
anterior, lateral, posterior
17
Q
what separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg?
A
interosseous membrane
18
Q
label the diagrams of the compartments of the leg and thigh
A
done
19
Q
look at the diagrams of compartment syndrome
A
done
20
Q
compartment syndrome is due to
A
increased pressure in compartment
21
Q
increase in pressure could be due to (type and example, 3)
A
- within the compartment, e.g. intracompartmental haemorrhage
- constriction of compartment, e.g. scarring due to burns
- external compression, e.g. cast too tight
22
Q
symptoms of compartment syndrome
A
6 Ps
pressure, pain on stretch, pulse present?, pink colour, paresis (foot drop), paraesthesia
23
Q
label diagram of the 6 Ps of compartment syndrome
A
done
24
Q
compartment syndrome treatment
A
fasciotomy (skin, superficial and deep fascia opened to relieve pressure)
25
gluteal region muscles act on ____, for which movements?
hip, abduction, rotation, extension
26
iliac region muscles do what?
flex hip
27
anterior thigh compartment has
hip flexors, knee extensors
28
medial thigh compartment has
hip adductors
29
posterior thigh compartment has
hip extensors, knee flexors
30
anterior leg compartment has
ankle extensors, dorsiflexors
31
medial leg compartment has
ankle evertors
32
posterior leg compartment has
ankle flexors, plantar flexors
33
anterior foot has
extensors
34
posterior foot has
flexors
35
muscles in anterior compartment of the thigh
rectus femoris, vastus muscles, sartorius, pectineus
36
vastus muscles
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis
37
rectus femoris crosses
knee and hip joint
38
rectus femoris movements
knee extension, hip flexion
39
vastus muscles attach to
femur with vast site of attachment
40
vastus muscles movement
knee extension
41
sartorius path
outer edge of pelvis (ASIS) to medial proximal tibia (crosses lateral to medial)
42
sartorius movement
flex hip, flex knee, lateral rotation
43
pectineus movement
hip adduction, some hip flexion
44
anterior compartment of the thigh innervation
femoral nerve (pectineus sometimes obturator)
45
anterior compartment of the thigh blood supply
femoral artery
46
label the diagram of the anterior thigh muscles
done
47
muscles in medial compartment of thigh
adductor brevis, adducot rlongus, adductor magnus, gracilis, obturator externus
48
label the diagram of the medial thigh muscles
done
49
gracilis course
down medial thigh, from pelvis to tibia
50
medial compartment of the thigh innervation
obturator nerve
51
medial compartment of the thigh blood supply
obturator artery
52
label the diagram of the posterior compartment of the thigh
done
53
posterior compartment of the thigh muscles are collectively known as the
hamstrings
54
muscles in the posterior thigh compartment
semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris, adductor magnus
55
posterior compartment of the thigh innervation
sciatic, tibial nerve. short head of biceps femoris common fibular nerve.
56
posterior compartment of the thigh blood supply
profunda femoris from femoral artery (perforating arteries)
57
label the diagram of the posterior compartment of the thigh
done
58
muscles in the gluteal region
gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris, tensor fascia latae
59
gluteus maximus movement
hip extension
60
gluteus medius movement
hip abduction
61
gluteus minimus movement
hip abduction
62
piriformis movement
hip external rotation
63
obturator internus movement
hip external rotation
64
superior and inferior gemelli movement
hip external rotation
65
quadratus femoris movement
hip external rotation
66
tensor fascia latae movement
tenses fascia latae
67
gluteal region innervation
superior and inferior gluteal nerves for gluteus muscles
68
gluteal region blood supply
superior and inferior gluteal arteries from internal iliac artery
69
label the diagram of the gluteal region
done
70
label the diagram of the anterior crural compartment of the leg
done
71
muscles in the anterior crural compartment of the leg
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis peroneus tertius
72
tibialis anterior movement
inverts foot
73
extensor hallucis longus movement
extends big toe
74
extensor digitorum longus movement
extends other toes
75
fibularis peroneus tertius movement
inverts foot
76
anterior crural compartment of the leg innervation
deep fibular nerve, branch of common fibular, from sciatic
77
anterior crural compartment of the leg blood supply
anterior tibial, branch of popliteal
78
muscles of the lateral crural compartment of the leg movement
dorsiflex ankle
79
label the diagram of the lateral crural compartment of the leg
done
80
muscles in the lateral crural compartment of the leg
fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
81
lateral crural compartment of the leg innervation
superficial fibular nerve, branch of common fibular from sciatic
82
lateral crural compartment of the leg blood supply
fibular artery branches
83
label the diagram of the posterior crural compartment of the leg
done
84
posterior crural compartment of the leg is split into
superficial, deep
85
muscles of the superior area of the posterior crural compartment of the leg
gastrocnemius, soleus
86
gastrocnemius
2 head, crosses knee, converges at Achilles' tendon
87
gastrocnemius movement
plantar flexor
88
soleus
converges at Achilles' tendon
89
soleus movement
plantar flexor
90
plantaris is important for
proprioception
91
muscles of the deep area of the posterior crural compartment of the leg
tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, popliteus
92
tibialis posterior movement
everts foot
93
flexor hallucis longus movement
flexes big toe
94
flexor digitorum longus movement
flexes other toes
95
popliteus
key to the knee
96
posterior crural compartment of the leg innervation
tibial nerve
97
posterior crural compartment of the leg blood supply
posterior tibial artery
98
label the diagram of the myotomes (know well)
done
99
label the diagram of the nerves vs. myotomes and the boxes
done
100
posterior division of L2, L3, L4 make up
femoral nerve
101
label the diagram of the dermatomes
done
102
label the diagram of the lumbosacral plexus
done
103
label the diagram of the anterior thigh
done
104
anterior thigh compartment is innervated by
femoral nerve
105
medial thigh compartment is innervated by
obturator nerve
106
lumbar plexus runs from
T12-L5
107
cutaneous innervation of the thigh
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous
108
anterior division of L2, L3, L4 make up
obturator nerve
109
label the diagram of the sacral plexus
done
110
label the diagram of the posterior thigh
done
111
everything below the knee is innervated by the
sacral plexus
112
sacral plexus gives rise to
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, sciatic nerve
113
label the posterior and anterior diagrams of the leg
done
114
label the diagrams of the femoral and sciatic nerve
done
115
where is the safe injection site in the gluteal region?
upper outer quadrant
116
movement affected by damage to femoral nerve
knee extension, hip flexion
117
femoral nerve test
flex patient knee, press on shin, get them to extend knee (against resistance)
118
sensory deficits caused by damage to femoral nerve
medial thigh, anterior and medial leg
119
movement affected by damage to sciatic nerve
knee flexion, hip extension, distal limb movements
120
sciatic nerve test
get patient to lie on front, push back on calf, ask to flex knee
121
label/look at diagrams of nerve tests
done
122
sensory deficits caused by damage to sciatic nerve
posterior thigh, distal lower limb
123
label the 2 diagrams of the femoral triangle
done
124
boundaries of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament, sartorius, adductor longus
125
floor of femoral triangle
adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas
126
contents of the femoral triangle
```
N - femoral nerve, most lateral
A - femoral artery, medial to nerve
V - femoral vein, medial to artery
E - empty space, femoral canal
Y - deep inguinal lymph nodes, most medial
```
127
label the adductor canal diagrams
done
128
adductor canal course
from femoral triangle, behind sartorius, through hole in adductor magnus (adductor hiatus)
129
boundaries of adductor canal
sartorius (anterior), adductor longus and adductor magnus (medial/posterior), vastus medialis (lateral)
130
contents of adductor canal
femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve
131
popliteal fossa is where?
posterior of knee joint
132
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery and vein, tibial nerve, small saphenous vein
133
label the diagram of the popliteal fossa
done
