Alterations of pulmonary function

Question 1

eupnea

Answer 1

normal breathing

Question 2

dyspnea

Answer 2

shortness of breath

Question 3

apnea

Answer 3

period of no breathing

Question 4

tachpnea

Answer 4

rapid breathing

Question 5

bradypnea

Answer 5

slowed breathing

Question 6

orthopnea

Answer 6

difficulty breathing unless sitting up

Question 7

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspneea

Answer 7

awaken from sleep due to stoppage of breathing

Question 8

hyperpnea (kussmaul respirations)

Answer 8

happen with running, exercise

Question 9

labored breathing

Answer 9

obstructive, stridor

Question 10

restricted breathing

Answer 10

something is physically stopping breathing

Question 11

Cheyne-stokes respirations

Answer 11

irregular breathing, a brain stem problem

Question 12

hypoventilation

Answer 12

CO2 removal is less than CO2 production
causes hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis

Question 13

hyperventilation

Answer 13

CO2 removal exceeds CO2 production
hypocapnia
respiratory alkalosis

Question 14

productive cough

Answer 14

something comes up with cough

Question 15

non productive cough

Answer 15

dry, nothing comes up

Question 16

mucocilliary escalator

Answer 16

part of respiratory trach that beats stuff up the tract

Question 17

hemptysis

Answer 17

coughing up blood

Question 18

cyanosis

Answer 18

blue from lack of oxygen

Question 19

digital clubbing

Answer 19

swelling of fingers from chronic loss of oxygen

Question 20

hypoxemia

Answer 20

blood is oxygen poor
often caused by inhaled gas being poor in oxygen

Question 21

V/Q ratio

Answer 21

ventilation/perfusion, how much air us coming into the body vs how it is being perfused into the body

Question 22

acute respiratory failure

Answer 22

PAO2 less than 50mmhg, PACO2 more than 50
Ph less than 7.25

Question 23

Pulmonary edema

Answer 23

fluid accumulation in lungs
caused by heart failure, infectious disease, poor circulation

Question 24

open pneumothorax

Answer 24

air gets between pleura and cn come in and out
usually from traumatic injury

Question 25

closed pneumothorax

Answer 25

air gets trapped

Question 26

pheumothorax

Answer 26

air between pleura of lungs, causes collapse

Question 27

pluerisy/plueritis

Answer 27

inflammation of pleura

Question 28

pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 28

scar tissue infiltration and accumulation on pleura from chronic exposure (smoking, chemical)

Question 29

chest wall restriction

Answer 29

caused by physical issues, lung not able to inflate properly

Question 30

flail chest

Answer 30

lungs become asychronous, from traumatic chest injury

Question 31

lobar pneumonia

Answer 31

fluid in one part of the lung

Question 32

bronchopneumonia

Answer 32

diffuse fluid, effect the bronchioles

Question 33

what causes pneumonia

Answer 33

self flora, fungal, bacteria

Question 34

where can pain from pneumonia be felt

Answer 34

middle back

Question 35

tuberculosis

Answer 35

lungs full of tubercle, granulomas full of tuberculosis

Question 36

acute bronchitis

Answer 36

viral infection, presents with non productive cough

Question 37

pulmonary embolism

Answer 37

blood clot lodges in lungs, can lead to infarction of lung tissue at risk with triad of Virchow

Question 38

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 38

high blood pressure in pulmonary arteries

Question 39

primary pulmonary hypertension

Answer 39

idiopathic, from an unknown cause

Question 40

secondary pulmonary hypertension

Answer 40

cause is obvious, pulmonary edema or other lung disorder

Question 41

cor pulmonale

Answer 41

right ventricle becoming distended and overdeveloped from pulmonary hypertension