Altitude

Question 1

what is mmHg at sea level

Answer 1

760

Question 2

is Pb variable or is air composition

Answer 2

Pb

Question 3

what is the minimum altitude for there to be physiological effects

Answer 3

1500 m

Question 4

does air temp decrease or increase with altitude

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

1 degree celcius decrease per how many meters

Answer 5

150

Question 6

humidity at altitude

Answer 6

cold air holds very little water and dry air leads to quick dehydration via skin and lung

Question 7

do solar radiation increase or decrease at high altitude

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

what normally abosrbs sun radiation vs what reflects and amplifies it

Answer 8

water absorbs
snow amplifies

Question 9

acute altitude exposure …. plumonary ventilation

Answer 9

increases immediately
specifically at rest and submax exercise but not max

Question 10

does tidal volume and rate increase during acute altitude exposure

Answer 10

yes, for several hours, even days

Question 11

hyperventilation details

Answer 11

decreased alveolar PCO2 which leads to an increase in CO2 gradient which in turn increases loss

Question 12

Pulmoary diffusiton at rest vs at altitude

Answer 12

at rest it does not imit gas exchange with blood
at altitude, alveolar PO2 still = alveolar PO2

Question 13

hypoxemia directly reflects what

Answer 13

low alveolar PO2

Question 14

decreased alveolar PO2 leads to what

Answer 14

a decrease in O2 hemoglobin saturation

Question 15

which way does the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shift at altitude

Answer 15

to the left

Question 16

at altitude, what happens to gas exchange at muscles

Answer 16

decreases po2 gradient at muscles

Question 17

what factor of the gradient change is critical

Answer 17

location.
at lugs there is little to no effect
at muscles there is a large decrease in exercise capacity

Question 18

Does plasma volume increase or decrease

Answer 18

decreases within a few hours

Question 19

respiratory water loss leads to what

Answer 19

an increase in urine production

Question 20

losing up to 25 % plasma volume at altitude leads to what

Answer 20

short term increase in hematocrit and oxygen density

Question 21

what cell count increases after weeeks or months at altitude

Answer 21

red blood cell count

Question 22

what effect does an increase in RBC production have on hematocrite

Answer 22

long term increase

Question 23

Cardiac output at rest and submax exercise

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

what does an increase in SNS activity do to HR

Answer 24

increases it

Question 25

after a few days, what do muscles do during rest and sub max exercise

Answer 25

extract more oxygen leads to an incrase in a-v o2 difference and a reduced demand for cardiac output

Question 26

at max exercise at altitude what happpens to cardiac output

Answer 26

decreases.

Question 27

does sv max increase or decrease at max exercise, why

Answer 27

decreases due to a decrease in plasma volume

Question 28

does HR increase or decrease at max exercise at altitude, why ?

Answer 28

decreases due to decreased SNS responsiveness

Question 29

What happens to PO2 gradient, Cardiac outpus max and Vo2 max at max exercise in altitude

Answer 29

all decrease

Question 30

what happens to basal metabolic rate at altitude

Answer 30

increases

Question 31

what secreations increase to increase basal metabolic rate

Answer 31

thyroxine and catecholamine secertion

Question 32

what must you do to maintain ody mass at altitude

Answer 32

increase food intake

Question 33

iare you more reliant on glucose or fat at altitude

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

increased in anaerobic metabolism leads to what

Answer 34

an increase in lactic acid. so in term, lactic acid production will decrease over time

Question 35

faster deydration at altitude. why??

Answer 35

water is lost through skin, kidneys, uring. exacerbated by sweating with exercise need 3 to 5 liter of fluid every day

Question 36

what hpapens to appetite at altitude

Answer 36

decreaseses

Question 37

what do you need to intake to support hematocrite changes at altitude

Answer 37

iron

Question 38

what happens to vo2 max as altitude increases past 1500 m

Answer 38

decreases

Question 39

drop of VO2 max as climbing mt everest

Answer 39

from 62 to 15 mL/kg/min

Question 40

if sea level Vo2 max is less than 50 mL/kg/min what do you need to climb mt everest

Answer 40

supplemental oxygen

Question 41

aerobic exercise performance is affected most by what conditions at altitude

Answer 41

hypoxic

Question 42

if you have a higher sea level vo2 max, are perceived efforts easier or harder than if you have a lower sea level vo2 max

Answer 42

easier if you have a higher sea level vo2 max

Question 43

is anaerobic performance affected by altitude

Answer 43

no

Question 44

if there is thinner air, what happens to air resistance

Answer 44

less of it

Question 45

what times are improved at altitude,

Answer 45

run, swim, and jump distances

Question 46

if there is chronic exposure to altitude, what happens to performance

Answer 46

it is increased, but never matching that at sea level

Question 47

what changes are seen with chronic exposure to altitude

Answer 47

pulmonary, CV, and skeletal m.

Question 48

how long is needed to see changes at altitude

Answer 48

3 weeks required at moderate altitude

Question 49

pulmonary adaptations acclimation to altitude

Answer 49

increased ventialation at rest and during submax exercise

Question 50

how much higher is resting ventilation rate than at sea level ... what about sub max

Answer 50

40 % higher at rest 50% higher at submax

Question 51

what does EPO do

Answer 51

stimulate RBC produtciton

Question 52

How does blood adapt to altitude, acclimation

Answer 52

EPO releases increase for 2 to 3 days polycythemia is stimulated to increase RBC count and HCT

Question 53

how long is there an elevated RBC

Answer 53

for 3 + months

Question 54

what happens to plasma volume during acclimation

Answer 54

decreases then it increases. the loss early on leads to an increased hematocrit prior to polycythemia later, then , there is an increase in SV and cardiac output

Question 55

what are muscle function and structure changes that occur at acclimation to altitude

Answer 55

cross sectional area decreases capillary density increases muscle mass decreases due to weight loss, possible protein wasting

Question 56

what happens to muscle metabloic potential at acclimation to altitude

Answer 56

it decreases

Question 57

why does muscle metabolic potential decrease

Answer 57

mitochondrial function and glycolytic enymes decrease and oxidative capacity decreases

Question 58

what did 2 months at altiude do to runners

Answer 58

made them more tolerant of hypoxia

Question 59

is there large changes between runners and their aerobic capacity

Answer 59

no major changees found

Question 60

what does hyposia at altitude prevent

Answer 60

high intensity aerobic training

Question 61

what does living and trianing high lead to

Answer 61

dehydration, low lblood volume, and low muslce mass

Question 62

what living and training condition leads to significant improval on 5k times

Answer 62

Live high and train low