Exercise in hot n cold part 2 (health aspects)

Question 1

Does air temp reflect physiological stress

Answer 1

no

Question 2

what are the 6 risk factors to consider in heat

Answer 2

air temp
metabolic heat production
ambient water vapor pressure
air velocity
radiant heat sources
clothing

Question 3

What does the WBGT equation include

Answer 3

dry bulb T ( actual air temp. C)
wet builb T (evaporative potential . E)
globe T (radiant heat load . R)

Question 4

how do you measure external heat stress

Answer 4

The wet bulb globe temp (WBGT) which includes C, E , and R

Question 5

What do NATA guidelines do

Answer 5

explain limits for outdoor workouts for athletes

Question 6

what are the 3 types of heat risk illnesses

Answer 6

heat cramps
heat exhaustion
heat stroke

Question 7

what are heat cramps

Answer 7

sever, painful cramping of large muscles

Question 8

what are heat cramps triggered by

Answer 8

sodium losses, dehydration. most common in heavy sweaters.
but prevented by intaked of sodium and water

Question 9

symptoms of heat exhaustion

Answer 9

fatigue, dizziness, nausea, vomitting, fainting, weak, rapid pulse

Question 10

what causes heat exhaustion

Answer 10

severe dehydration from sweating
blood flow needs of muscle and skin not met due to low blood volume

Question 11

in heat exhaustion what happens to thermoregulatory mechanisms

Answer 11

they are functional but overwhelmed

Question 12

heat stroke, what is it and what happens to thermoreulatory mechanism

Answer 12

it is life threatening, most dangerous
the mechanisms are in total failure

Question 13

symptoms of heat stroke, what happens if untreated

Answer 13

core temp over 40 degree celcius
confusino, disorientation, unconsciousness.
if untreated….. coma/death

Question 14

what temp should you advoid outdoor activities to prevent hyperthermia

Answer 14

if WBGT > 28 degree celcius

Question 15

Preventing hyperthermia basics

Answer 15

not too hot out
practice early morning or evening
never restrict fluid intake.
minimize clothing

Question 16

repeated exercise in heat can lead to what

Answer 16

rapid changes for better perfomance in hot conditions

Question 17

what does acclimation change functionally

Answer 17

CV function is optimized
changes in sweating rate, sweat distribution, and content
lower core temp during exercise

Question 18

Acclimation to plasma volume

Answer 18

increases due to an increase in oncotic pressure

Question 19

acclimation to HR

Answer 19

HR decreases and cardiac output increases

Question 20

acclimation info on sweat

Answer 20

widespread sweating occurs earlier adn it is more dilute. retaining more of the electrolyte in the body

Question 21

clothing info wet vs dry

Answer 21

dry clothing delays heat exchange more than wet clothin

Question 22

when does evaporative heat loss through clothing occur

Answer 22

only whne it becomes wet

Question 23

how much does football dquipment and clothing seat off of the body from evaporative cooling benefits

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

head loses how much of body heat

Answer 24

50 to 60 %

Question 25

what allows for insulation

Answer 25

inactive peripheral muscle and subcutaneous fat

Question 26

if there is a low body surface area to mass ratio,

Answer 26

decrease in heat loss

Question 27

age order of heat preservation

Answer 27

child < adult > elderly

Question 28

why are children more susceptible to cold

Answer 28

less SA relative oto mass / larger ratio

Question 29

why are elderly more susceptible to cold

Answer 29

less muslce mass for insualation

Question 30

women vs men in relation to heat loss. fat vs muscle

Answer 30

wome have more subcutaneous fat... pro but less active muscle.... con

Question 31

is windchill from air movement or temperature

Answer 31

air movement

Question 32

index of windchill is based on what

Answer 32

the cooling effect of wind.

Question 33

increased windchill affect on freezing tissues

Answer 33

increased risk of freezing tissues

Question 34

how much higher is water thermal conductivity than air

Answer 34

26 times

Question 35

when considering C, K, E, and R is heat loss faster is cold water or cold air

Answer 35

4x greater in cold water

Question 36

can you get hypothermia from cold water above freezing

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what does cold stress come from

Answer 37

any envrionmental condition that causes loss of body heat

Question 38

what does a decrease in core or skin temp trigger

Answer 38

physiological and behavioral mechanisms

Question 39

what does the hypothalamus trigger in cold responses

Answer 39

peripheral vasoconstriction (skeletal muscle shivering) nonshivering thermogenesis

Question 40

what does the cerebral cortex trigger

Answer 40

behavioral adaptions

Question 41

what does low core temp do to HR

Answer 41

slows itdown

Question 42

does cold air damage ventilatory tissues

Answer 42

no

Question 43

what does cold do to ventilation

Answer 43

decreases it, both rate and volume

Question 44

physiological responses to cold . muscle fxn

Answer 44

decreases

Question 45

as fatigue increases, what happens to metabolic heat production in cold

Answer 45

it decreases

Question 46

what are other metabolic responses to cold

Answer 46

FFA and glucose

Question 47

what is hypothermia

Answer 47

hypothalamus thermoregulation is completely lost, metabolism is slowed, there is drowsiness, lethargy, coma possible

Question 48

temp of hypothermia

Answer 48

core temp is 34.5 - 29.5 degrees celcius

Question 49

treatment for mild hypothermia

Answer 49

remove person from cold, graudally warm them up, provide dry clothing, blankets, warm beverages

Question 50

treatment for sever hypothermia

Answer 50

handle gently to advoid anhythmias re warm gradually may require hospital facilitates, medical care

Question 51

what is frost bite

Answer 51

peripheral tissue freezing

Question 52

frost bite, what happens due to excess Vasoconstriction

Answer 52

lack of oxygen and other nutrients leads to tissue death

Question 53

how to treat frost bite

Answer 53

graduallly rewarm only when no risk of refreezing. if untreated, tissue can be lost. gangrene.

Question 54

what does exercise induced asthama involve

Answer 54

excessive airway drying

Question 55

how is exercise induced asthma treated

Answer 55

with beta agonists, steroid inhalers

Question 56

what is cold habituation

Answer 56

often in small areas where there is blunted vasoconstriction and shivering

Question 57

what is metabolic acclimation

Answer 57

enhanced nonshivering and shivering thermogenesis

Question 58

what is insolative acclimation

Answer 58

when an increased metabolism cant prevent heat loss. enhanced skin vasoconstriction