Alveolar Bone and Related Pathologies- Exam III Flashcards
1
Q
The alveolar bone proper may also be called: (2)
A
- Cribriform plate
- Bundle Bone
2
Q
Formed as a result of the attachment of the PDL fibers and passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the PDL.
A
cribriform plate
3
Q
The term ____ refers to that bone in which Sharpey’s fibers (PDL) are embedded
A
bundle bone
4
Q
Immature bone in which the collagen fiber matrix is randomly oriented.
A
woven bone
5
Q
Type of bone that is generally newly formed (embryologic development) or associated with healing wounds:
A
woven bone
6
Q
When might woven bone be formed?
A
Embryologic development or healing wounds
7
Q
____ bone has more cells per unit area
A
woven bone
8
Q
Woven bone has a greater volume of ____ protein compared to mature bone
A
non-collagenous
9
Q
Describe the rate of formation of woven bone compared to mature bone:
A
formed more rapidly
10
Q
Cancellous bone may also be called:
A
spongiosa
11
Q
Trabecular bone that lies between the cortical plates and within the marrow spaces:
A
spongiosa
12
Q
Where might spongiosa (cancellous bone line)
A
- cortical plates
- marrow spaces
13
Q
Supporting alveolar bone includes:
A
Facial and lingual cortical plates
14
Q
Facial and lingual cortical plates contain:
A
- lamellar bone
- haversian bone
- interstitial bone
15
Q
Lamellar and haversian bone are both ____ bone types
A
compact
16
Q
Bone is 67% ____ and 33% ____.
A
Inorganic= 67%
Organic = 33%
17
Q
What makes up the inorganic portion of bone?
A
calcium hydroxyapatite
18
Q
28% of the 33% organic component of bone is comprised of:
A
collagen
19
Q
Bone is comprised of 33% organic portion, 28% of that is made up of collagen, while the remaining 5% is comprised of:
A
- osteocalcin
- sialoprotein
- phosphoprotein
- osteonectin
- BMP
20
Q
- osteoblasts
- osteocytes
- osteoclasts
- bone lining cells
- chondroblasts
- chondrocytes
- mesenchymal cells
are all cells associated with:
A
bone
21
Q
an osteoblast that has been entrapped by its own osteoid matrix:
A
ostocyte
22
Q
radiate in all directions and allow diffusion of substances throughout bone
A
canaliculi
23
Q
processes of osteocytes travel within the cnaliculi , and connect to other osteoblasts/osteocytes allowing for:
A
cell to cell communication
24
Q
Canaliculi may have some ____ properties
A
mechanoreception
25
a dense connective tissue bound to bone by Sharpey's fibers, that contian s blood vessels, nerves and three cell layers:
periosteum
26
How is periosteum bound to bone?
via sharpeys fibers
27
What three cell layers make up the periosteium?
1. peripheral cell layer of fibroblasts
2. intermediate cell layer of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
3. proximal cell layer of osteoblasts
28
The peripheral cells layer making up part of the periosteum is comprised of:
fibroblasts
29
The intermediate cell layer making up part of the periosteum is comprised of:
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
30
The proximal cell layer making up part of the periosteum is comprised of:
osteoblasts
31
What are the three types of cells that make up the three layers of the periosteum?
1. fibroblasts
2. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
3. osteoblasts
32
Lines the medullary cavity and cancellous bone (trabeculae).
endosteum
33
Endosteum generally has the same composition as the periosteum but is significantly:
thinner
34
What are the types of collagen proteins associated with bone?
Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 5, Type 10
35
Name the type of collagen associated with bone:
Fibrillar: ubiquitous in distribution
type 1
36
Name the type of collagen associated with bone:
Fibrillar: primarily a cartilage protein
type 2
37
Name the type of collagen associated with bone:
Fibrillar: granulation and mesenchymal tissues
type 3
38
Name the type of collagen associated with bone:
Fibrillar: stromal connective tissue and promotes cellular attachment and migration
Type 5
39
Name the type of collagen associated with bone:
Growth plate: facilitates conversion of cartilage to bone
Type 10
40
Type 10 collagen protein that is associated with bone is located in the ____ and facilitates conversion of ____ to _____.
growth plate; cartilage to bone
41
- osteonectin
- osteopontin
- osteocalcin
- sialoprotein
- phosphoprotein
- glycoprotein
- proteoglycan
- bone specific protein
- bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
- carboxyglutamic acid containing protein
These are all _____ proteins associated with ____.
non-collagenous proteins associated with bone matrix
42
The non-collagenous matrix proteins of bone are characterized by their: (3)
1. highly acidic nature
2. high aggregation tendencies
3. calcium binding properties
43
In-situremodeling, intramembraneous bone formation and endochrondral bone formation are all processes of:
bone formation
44
A process of osteoclast resorption, and bone replacement by osteoblast activity
in-situ remodelng
45
In-situ remodeling is mostly seen in areas of alveolar bone affected by:
orthodontics
46
Bone formation within or between connective tissue membranes consisting of Type 1 collagen
intramembranous bone formation
47
What type of collage is involved with intramembranous bone formation?
Type 1
48
In intramembranous bone formation, the bone does or does NOT replace cartilage
In endochondral bone formation, the bone does or does NOT replace cartilage
DOES NOT
DOES
49
Bone formation within hyaline cartilage that involves a cocomitant replacement of the cartilage framework by bone
endochondral bone formation
50
List the stages (in order) of in situ bone remodeling:
1. resorption
2. reversal
3. formation
4. resting
51
Intramembranous bone formation is found in the ____ layers of bone as well as ____.
inner spongy; sutures
52
An extremely rapid and disorganized method of bone deposition allowing for growth of the surrounding tissues
intramembraneous
53
_____ is an example of intramembraneous bone growth
woven bone
54
During intramembraneous bone formation, ____ secrete matrix vesicles that mineralize surrounding collagen fibers
osteoblasts
55
In intramembraneous bone formation, the osteoblasts secrete _____ that mineralize surrounding ____.
matrix vesicles; collagen fibers
56
In intramembraneous bone formation, the osteoblasts become ______ and eventually are considered ____
trapped; osteocytes
57
What is the key content of matrix vesicles?
Alkaline phosphatase
58
List all the contents found within matrix vesicles?
1. alkaline phosphatase
2. pyrophosphatase
3. glycoproteins
4. phosphoproteins
5. phospholipids
59
Alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, and phospholipids are all contents of:
matrix vesicles
60
Where is endochrondral bone formation mostly seen? (4)
Mostly seen in vertebrae, long bones, base of the skull and head of the mandible
61
What makes the general outline of the final bone shape in endochondral bone formation?
mesenchymal cells
62
During endochondral bone formation, the mesenchymal cells differentiate into ____.
chondroblasts
63
What happens to the chondroblasts during endochondral bone formation?
1. increase in size
2. secrete collagen
64
In endochondral bone formation- the newly formed chondrocytes eventually ____.
die
65
In endochondral bone formation, following death of the newly formed chondrocytes, vascular tissue from the surrounding perichondrium ______ the cartilage, allowing for ____ & _____ cells to enter the area
invades; mesenchymal cells and chondrocytes
66
In endochondral bone formation, the invading chondrocytes ____ the cartilage, and newly differentiated ____ deposit ____ onto the cartilage
eat away; osteoblasts; osteoid
67
In endochondral bone formation, the osteoid is mineralized by _____ and bone is made
osteocytes
68
In endochondral bone formation, the growth of these bones is dependent on the growth of:
cartilage
69
In endochondral bone formation, when does growth of the bone stop?
once cartilage has been completely removed
70
List the zones of cellular activity in endochondral bone formation: (6)
1. Reserve (or resting chondrocytes)
2. Proliferation
3. Maturation
4. Hypertrophy and calcification
5. Cartilage degeneration
6. Osteogenesis
71
Bone metabolism is controlled systemically by _____ and locally by _____.
systemically- hormones
locally- mechanical factors, growth factors, cytokines
72
PTH, 1,25- vitamin D3, Calcitonin, Estrogen, and Glucocorticoids are all ____ important to ___
hormones; bone metabolism
73
IL-1, IL-6, BMP-2, BMP-7, TGF, IGF-1, IGF-2, PDGF, and FGF-B are all ____ important to ____.
cytokines and growth factors, bone metabolism
74
What interleukins are important to bone metabolism?
What BMPs are important to bone metabolism?
What IGFs are important to bone metabolism?
IL-1 and 6
BMP-2 and 7
IGF-1 and 2
75
under conditions that favor bone resorption, osteoblasts can be stimulated by cytokines and hormones to produces ____ which, in turn, promotes differentiation of osteoclasts
IL-6
76
What does IL-6 promote under conditions that favor bone resorption?
differentiation of osteoclasts
77
Involves the creation of localized acidic pH to demineralize hydroxyapatite, and a variety of enzymes that degrade the organic bone matrix
osteoclast mediated resorption
78
Osteoclastic resorption of bone invovles the creation of:
a localized acidic pH
79
In osteoclastic resorption of bone, the creation of a localized acidic pH is used to:
demineralize hydroxyapatite and a variety of enzymes that degrade the organic bone matrix
80
What is the reaction for osteoclast mediated resorption:
Carbon dioxide + water yields bicarb and protons
81
The osteoclast mediatied resorption reaction is catalyzed by:
carbonic anhydrase
82
_____ is dictated by
- facial-lingual alignment of teeth
- mesial to distal contour of the CEJ
- facial-lingual width of teeth
- presence of enamel pearls or cervical enamel projections
Shape of tooth-associated facial and lingual cortical bone
83
_____ is dictated by
- facial to lingual contour of the CEJ
- mesial or distal tilt of the tooth
- root proximity
- presence of enamel pearls
- state of tooth eruption
Shape of the interproximal alveolar bone
84
An isolated "port-hole" in the cortical bone that allows exposure of the underlying root surface
fenestrations
85
a denuded area of cortical bone that extends through the marginal bone creating a "cleft-like" defect
dehiscence
86
Fenestrations and dehiscences are both:
anatomic defects of alveolar bone
87
Exostosis and torus/tori are both:
anatomic variations of alveolar bone
88
An area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. This term is generally used in reference to the maxillary facial and lingual and mandibular facial
exotsosis
89
An area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. This term is generally used in reference to the mandibular lingual or midline of the palate
torus/tori
90
Generally asymptomatic causing a painless expansion of bone
giant cell tumor
91
A giant cell tumor is usally a single lesion that can ve either:
unilocular or multilocular
92
Giant cell tumors are often confused with ____ or ____ or _____.
amelobastoma, periapical granuloma or periapical cyst
93
A giant cell tumor is histologically characterized by the presence of numerous _____ in a stroma of ovoid and spindle shaped ______.
multinucleated giant cells; mesenchymal cells
94
Malignancy of plasma cell origin that accounts for nearly 50% of all malignancies involving bone
multiple myeloma
95
In multiple myeloma, the plasma cells are typically _____ meaning ____
monoclonal; meaning they arise from a single cell
96
In multiple myeloma, patients frequently suffer _____ due to overload of circulating light chain protein ______, produced by the abnormal plasma cells
kidney failure; Bence Jones Protein
97
In multiple myeloma, the histology shows monotonous sheets of _____, variable differentiated _____ cells that invade and replace normal host tissue
neoplastic; plasmacytoid
98
In multiple myeloma, radiographically, patients may exhibit _____ areas in the ____.
"punched out"; cranium
99
In multiple myeloma the "punched out" areas in the cranium seen radiographically are filled with the:
neoplastic plasmacytoid cells
100
A malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid or immature bone
osteogenic sarcoma
101
Excluding hematopoietic neoplasms, _____ is the most common type of malignancy to originate within bone
osteogenic sarcoma
102
What are the most common symptoms associated with osteogenic sarcoma?
pain and swelling
103
In osteogenic sarcoma, radiographic findings vary from ____ to a mixed ____ lesion. About 25% of lesions exhibit a ____ pattern.
dense sclerosis to a mixed sclerotic-radiolucent lesion; sunburst
104
The embryonic origin or enamel is:
ectoderm
105
The embryonic origin or dentin, cementum and bone is:
mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme
106
Matrix forming cell of enamel:
ameloblast
107
Matrix forming cell of dentin:
odontoblast
108
Matrix forming cell of cementum:
cementoblast
109
Matrix forming cell of bone:
osteoblast
110
The mechanism of growth for enamel, cementum and dentin is:
appositional
111
The mechanism of growth for bone is:
appositional and interstitial
112
The organic matrix of enamel is comprised of:
amelogenin and enamelin
113
The organic matrix of dentin, cementum and bone is comprised of:
Type 1 collagen
114
Describe the blood supply to enamel dentin and cementum:
none
115
Does bone get blood supply?
Yes
116
Describe the innervation to enamel and cementum:
Describe the innervation to dentin:
Describe the innervation to bone:
none
limited
extensive
117
Describe the intercellular space of enamel:
non-existent
118
Describe the intercellular space of dentin:
dentinal tubules
119
Describe the intercellular space of cementum:
lacunae and canaliculi
120
Describe the intercellular space of bone:
lacunae and canaliculi
