Dental Pulp- Exam II

Question 1

What components can be found in mature dental pulp?

Answer 1

dentin
predentin
odontoblast layer
cell rich zone
pulpal core
pulpal dendritic cells

Question 2

The dental pulp consists of ____ tissue derived from ____ cells.

Answer 2

loose connective tissue; neural crest (ectomesynchemal) cells

Question 3

Mature dental pulp is divided into what two compartments?

Answer 3

Odontogenic zone and pulpal core

Question 4

Odontoblast cell layer
cell-free zone of Weil
Cell-rich zone
Parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s Plexus)
These are all components of:

Answer 4

Odontogenic zone of mature dentin

Question 5

Fibroblasts
Type 1 and 3 collagen
Extracellular matrix
Blood vessels
Nerve tissue
These are all components of:

Answer 5

Pulpal core of mature dentin

Question 6

The functions of the dental pulp include:

Answer 6

1. embryonic induction
2. Formative
3. Protective
4. Reparative

Question 7

Cell populations in pulpal tissues include: (8)

Answer 7

1. odontoblasts
2. fibroblasts
3. undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
4. macrophages
5. dendritic cells
6. blood vessel related cells
7. neural-related cells
8. lymphocytes

Question 8

The extracellular matrix of pulpal tissues incudes what type of collagen?

Answer 8

type 1, 3, 4 and 5

Question 9

Non-collagenous matrix components of dental pulp include: (5)

Answer 9

1. proteoglycans
2. glycosaminoglycans
3. phosphoproteins
4. glycoproteins
5. gamma-carboxyglutamate- containing proteins

Question 10

The gamma-carboxyglutamate-contianing proteins include:

Answer 10

1. BMP 2, 4 and 7
2. fibroblast growth factor
3. epidermal growth factor
4. dentin matrix protein

Question 11

Pulpal innervation includes both _____ and ____ nerve axons.

Answer 11

myelinated and unmyelinated

Question 12

The pulpal innervation (axons) progressively branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as the _______.

Answer 12

parietal neural plexus

Question 13

The parietal neural plexus may also be called:

Answer 13

Rashchows plexus

Question 14

The pulpal axons progressively branch, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as teh parietal neural pelxus , on to the _____ cell layer and some fibers enter into ____.

Answer 14

odontoblastic cell layer; dentinal tubules

Question 15

Most nerve endings in pulp are for:

Answer 15

pain

Question 16

The nerve endings in pulp that are for pain are:

Answer 16

free nerve endings as sensory afferents from trigeminal nerve

Question 17

A few nerve endings in the dental pulp are concerned with:

Answer 17

vasodilation and vasoconstricton

Question 18

sensory afferents in the dental pulp come from:

Answer 18

trigeminal nerve (CN5)

Question 19

Sensory afferents from the trigeminal nerve in the dental pulp include:

Answer 19

1. pain
2. mechanical (pressure)
3. thermal (heat)
4. tactile (touch)

Question 20

____ branches from the superior cervical ganglion are primarily vasomotor fibers to pulpal blood vessels, concerned for the most part, with ____.

Answer 20

sympathetic; vasoconstriction

Question 21

The majority of myelinated pulpal nerve axons in dental pulp are:

Answer 21

A-delta

Question 22

A-delta myelinated pulpal nerve axons are:

Answer 22

fast conducting

Question 23

What is the diameter range of a-delta myelinated pulpal nerve axons?

Answer 23

1-6 micrometers

Question 24

1 % of myelinated nerve fibers are classified as:

Answer 24

A-beta fibers

Question 25

What is the diameter range of A-beta myelinated pulpal nerve fibers?

Answer 25

6-12 micrometers

Question 26

Non-myelinated fibers are designated as ____ fibers and have small diameters, ranging from 0.4-1.2 micrometers

Answer 26

C fibers

Question 27

Fibers that are associated with SHARP, localized pain:

Answer 27

A-delta fibers

Question 28

Fibers that are associated with dull, diffuse pain

Answer 28

C fibers

Question 29

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that function in:

Answer 29

vasodilation, and stimulates fibroblast cell division

Question 30

Substance P is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

Answer 30

vasodilation, and stimulates fibroblast cell division

Question 31

Epinephrine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

Answer 31

vasoconstriction of smooth muscle

Question 32

Norepinephrine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

Answer 32

sympathetic vasoconstriction

Question 33

Dopamine is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

Answer 33

Vasoactive or a precursor of epinephrine

Question 34

Endorphin is a neuropeptide found in the dental pulp that functions in:

Answer 34

Silencer of nociceptors (silencer of pain)

Question 35

List the neurotransmitters involved in dental pulp:

Answer 35

1. CGRP 2. Substance P 3. Epinephrine 4. Norepinephrine 5. Dopamine 6. Endorphin

Question 36

Each nerve fiber in dental pulp contributes to to atleast _____ to Raschkow's Plexus

Answer 36

8 branches

Question 37

Each nerve fiber contributes to atleast 8 branches to Raschkow's plexus. Most terminate in the plexus as:

Answer 37

free nonmyelinated nerve endings

Question 38

The terminal capillaries in dental pulp ____ deep to the odontoblastic layer:

Answer 38

anastomose

Question 39

Capillary loops are dense in the ____ and _____ and significantly less dense in the _____

Answer 39

coronal and pulp horns; radicular pulp

Question 40

____ & _____ capillaries and _____ vessels are found in the pulp

Answer 40

continuous and fenestrated capillaries and lymph vessels

Question 41

With aging, blood vessels in the pulp will exhibit changes such as:

Answer 41

cholesterol plaques (atherosclerosis)

Question 42

If progressive and severe, atherosclerotic plaques can result in ______ due to vessel strangulation

Answer 42

pulpal hypoxia

Question 43

______ leak serum that becomes a component of the so-called tissue fluid

Answer 43

fenestrated capillaries

Question 44

Contributes to swelling and edema due to significant leakage of serum in states of inflammation

Answer 44

fenestrated capillaries

Question 45

Occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury (like multiple restorations in a single tooth, chronic bruxism, repeated thermal insult, etc.):

Answer 45

pulpal fibrosis

Question 46

Irregular calcified deposits along collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels resulting form chronic low-grade inflammation

Answer 46

diffuse calcifcations

Question 47

Pulp stones may also be called:

Answer 47

Denticles

Question 48

True pulp stones contain ____. False pulp stones feature concentric layers of _____ but are void of _____.

Answer 48

dentinal tubules calcified tissue; dentinal tubules

Question 49

Classifications of pulp stones include:

Answer 49

1. free 2. attached 3. embedded

Question 50

Defined as a dense aggregation of neutrophils and macrophages and other inflammatory cells within connective tissue under going liquefactive necrosis

Answer 50

pulpal abscess

Question 51

What type of macrophages are found in pulpal abscesses?

Answer 51

1. vacuolated macrophages 2. syncytial macrophages or giant cells

Question 52

What do the syncytial macrophages or giant cells in a pulpal abscess do?

Answer 52

resorb dentin adjacent to the inflamed pulp

Question 53

Due to the inability of pulpal tissue to swell, the increasing edema and inflammatory cell infiltration will eventually lead to ____, that in turn is expressed clinical by _______ and _____ of the PDL and associated alveolar bone

Answer 53

pulpal necrosis persistant pain; periapical necrosis

Question 54

Seen on dental radiographs as a radiolucent area associated with the apex of the involved tooth:

Answer 54

periapical necrosis

Question 55

Treatment for a periapical abscess would include:

Answer 55

I & D