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Ap Psychology > Alyssa Bellochi Developmental Psychology Vocab > Flashcards

Alyssa Bellochi Developmental Psychology Vocab Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

VOCAB 1

A

VOCAB 1

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2
Q

Developmental psychology

A

The study of progressive changes in bx and abilities from conception to death

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3
Q

Cross sectional study

A

Uses participants of different ages to compare how certain variables may change over the life span

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4
Q

Cohort

A

Group of subjects that have shared a particular experience during a particular life span

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5
Q

Longitudinal study

A

Examines one group of participants over time

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6
Q

Biographical study

A

Looks backwards at factors that relate to an outcome established by the study

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7
Q

Prenatal development

A

Development from conception to birth

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8
Q

Embryo

A

A multicellular being in the first two weeks of life

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9
Q

Fetus

A

A developing mammal from 2-8 weeks after conception

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10
Q

Neonate

A

A developing mammal from 8 weeks after conception to birth

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11
Q

Placenta

A

The organ that connects to the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination as gas exchange with the mother

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12
Q

Critical period

A

Period during development which displays heightened sensitivity to stimuli

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13
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

Children of alcoholic mothers can be born with small, malformed skills and mental retardation

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14
Q

Teratogens

A

Substances capable of altering fetal development in nonheritable ways that cause birth defects

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15
Q

Rooting reflex

A

When touched on the cheek, a baby will turn it’s head to the side of the touch and open it’s mouth

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16
Q

Sucking reflex

A

When an object is placed in a baby’s mouth, he will suck

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17
Q

Swallowing reflex

A

When object is placed in the baby’s mouth, he will swallow

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18
Q

Grasping reflex

A

When an object is placed in a baby’s palm or foot, he will squeeze his fingers or toes shut to hold the object

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19
Q

Stepping reflex

A

When placed upright with weight bearing on the feet, a baby will make stepping motions

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20
Q

Moro reflex

A

When startled, a baby will fling his limbs out and then quickly retract them

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21
Q

Babinski reflex

A

When a baby’s foot is stroked, he will spread his toes

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22
Q

Temperament

A

The physical core of personality, including emotion and perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, typical mood and so forth

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23
Q

Developmental norms

A

An individuals current state of physical, emotional, and intellectual development

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24
Q

Maturation

A

The physical growth and development of the body and nervous system

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25
Sensorimotor stage
Stage of intellectual development during which sensory input and motor responses become coordinated
26
Object performance
Concept, gained in infancy, that objects continue to exist even when they are hidden from view
27
Mental representation
Mental images or symbols used to think about or remember an object, person or event
28
Preoperational stage
Period of intellectual development during which children begin to use language and think symbolically, yet remain intuitive and egocentric in their thought
29
Egocentric
Unable to see things from another’s point of view
30
Concrete operational stage
Period of intellectual development during which children become able to use the concepts of time, space, volume, and number, but in ways that remain simplified and concrete, rather than abstract
31
Principle of conservation
Mastery of the concept that the weight, mass, and volume of matter remains unchanged when the shape or appearance of objects change
32
Formal operational stage
Period of intellectual development characterized by thinking that includes abstract, theoretical, and hypothetical ideas
33
VOCAB 2
VOCAB 2
34
Babbling
When an infant experiments with sounds of language but produces no recognizable words
35
Holophrases
A single word used to express a complete, meaningful thought
36
Language acquisition device
An instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language
37
Imprinting
Form of learning in which a very young animal foxes it’s attention on the first object with which it has visual, auditory, or tactile experience and thereafter follows that object
38
Attachment
The emotional bond that typically forms between infant and caregiver, usually a parent, not only stimulates brain growth but affects personality development and lifelong ability to form stable relationships
39
Sex type behavior
Of children’s conceptions of cross gender behavior in their peers
40
Growth spurt
A rapid increase in growth which occurs several times in childhood, notably in infancy and adolescence years
41
Puberty
The biologically defined period during which a person matures sexually and becomes capable of reproduction
42
Menarche
A girls first menstrual cycle
43
Imaginary audience
An egocentric state where an individual imagines and believes that that multitudes of people are enthusiastically listening to him or her at all times
44
Identity formation
The development of the distinct personality of an individual
45
Identity crisis
An internal conflict of and search for identity
46
Cliques
Persons who interact with each other more regularly and intensely than others in the same setting
47
Midlife crisis
A period of dramatic self doubt that is felt by some individuals in the middle years or Middle Age of life
48
Menopause
Is time in a woman’s life where her menstrual cycle stops
49
Alzheimer’s disease
An age related disease characterized by memory loss, mental confusion and a nearly total losss is changes that no longer allow her to get pregnant
50
Oral stage
Infants seek pleasure in their mouths
51
Anal stage
The stage of toilet training
52
Phallic stage
Babies realize their gender
53
Patent stage
A period where children develop gender roles
54
Genital stage
Focus of sexual pleasure in the genitals
55
Oedipus/ Electra complex
When a boy is in love with his mother and a girl is in love with her father
56
Authoritarian parents
Set strict standards for their children’s behavior and apply punishments for violations of these rules
57
Permissive parents
Do not set clear guidelines for their children
58
Stages of dying
``` Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance ```
59
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH
60
Nature vs nurture
The influence of biology and environment on human development
61
Sensitive period
A period of time when the brain is more receptive to absorbing certain skills, tasks and info; they can still learn these tasks after the sensitive period, but requires more conscious effort
62
Accommodation
Adjustment of schema to incorporate new info
63
Conservation
The realization that properties of objects remain the same even when appearance changes
64
Attachment styles
Attachment styles
65
Secure
Child is distressed when mom leaves, but easy to calm l; greets mom warmly upon return
66
Avoidance
Child generally ignores mom when she returns; attaches to stranger in room
67
Disorganized
Child is confused disoriented fearful with mom
68
Parenting styles
Parenting styles
69
Neglectful
Parents do not take responsibility for raising and controlling children; do not set limits and ignore child’s needs
70
Zone of proximal development
The difference of what a child knows and can do on their own and what they might have the potential to do given a supportive enough environment
71
Scaffolding
The support given during the learning process which is tailored to the needs of the students with the intention of helping the student achieve his or her learning goals
72
IDENTITY STATUS JAMES MARCIA
IDENTITY STATUS
73
Diffusion
Diffusion
74
Diffusion
Adolescence has no clear idea of his identity and is not attempting to find it
75
foreclosure
Adolescent accepts the identity and values he or she was given in childhood
76
Moratorium
Adolescents delay in making a meaningful commitment, but are experimenting and searching
77
Achievement
Adolescent has developed well defined personal values and self concepts
78
HARRY HARLOW
HARRY HARLOW
79
Contact comfort
An infants need for physical touch and nurturant
80
Separation anxiety
6-9 month old, infant is distressed at being separated from caregiver

Ap Psychology (5 decks)

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