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American Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Summary of Sugar Act

A

taxes sugar and molasses imported to the colonies (1st tax on colonists by Parliament)

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2
Q
  1. Why did the British government abandon salutary neglect AND tax the colonies after the French and Indian War?
A

They were in major war debt after the war and expected the colonists to help pay it off.

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3
Q

Colonial reaction to sugar act

A

Anger over “no taxation without representation”

felt rights were violated

Samuel Adams founded the Comtees of Correspondence to spread new of British Actions

Colonists began boycotting Brit good

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4
Q

What did the colonists mean when they said “no taxation without representation”?

A

Colonists had no representation in Parliament and felt it was unfair they had to pay taxes in a government in which they had no vote.

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5
Q

summary of stamp act

A

taxed all paper products

had to put a “stamp” indicating that the tax was paid

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6
Q

colonial reactions to stamp act

A

samuel Adams created the Sons of Liberty

Sons of liberty did both

nonviolent (organized parades, rallies, burned paper, publish opposing tax papers)

and violent protests (tar and feather tax collectors)

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7
Q

British response to the stamp act

A

Parliament repealed act in 1766 because British Merchants were losing money due to boycotts

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8
Q

summary of the quartering act

A

1764, required colonists to provide Redocats stationed in colonies with food and shelter

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9
Q

summary of Townshend’s acts

A

placed tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea imported to colonies

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10
Q

writs of assistance

A

allowed tax collecters to search for smuggled goods (unlimited search warrants) to enforce Townshend acts

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11
Q

colonial reaction to writs of assistance and Townshend acts

A

hated it

boycott British goods

sons of Liberty attacked house of Customs officials (tax collectors)

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12
Q

British response to writs of assistance and Townshend acts

A

Due to the violence, more British troops were sent to restore order in Boston

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13
Q
  1. Describe the events in Boston that became known as the Boston Massacre and its results. (include DETAILS)
A

March 5, 1770

Brit. soldier and colonist go into an argument in front of the Boston Customs House

it escalated into an angry mob and the colonists started using snowballs, rocks, and clubs to hurt the soldiers

this led to a soldier shooting into the mob, and 5 colonists died.

This led to John Adams going to trial and winning because it was act of self defense

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14
Q

Explain the role in the Boston Massacre

Crispus Attucks

A

half Indian/half Negro

best remember Casulity (shot and killed by Brit. soldiers)

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15
Q

Explain the role in the Boston Massacre

Samuel Adams

A

leader of the Sons of Liberty

promoted even as a “massacre” and encouraged protests

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16
Q

Explain the role in the Boston Massacre

Paul Revere

A

created a “bloody massacre” showing the exaggerations of Brit. soldiers (ex of propaganda)

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17
Q

Explain the role in the Boston Massacre

John Adams

A

defended soldiers in court for self defense/won

he believed in law and believed all men deserved a fair trial

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18
Q

. What happened to the Townshend Acts? Why?

A

Repealed to calm down colonists

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19
Q

summary of tea acts

A

the Boston East India Compay could sell tea directly to colonists (gave BEIC a monopoly on tea)

to prove their power, the British left tax on tea

made it cheaper but still showed “no taxation without representation” as colonial smugglers and merchants lost money

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20
Q

Explain the Boston Tea Party:

A

Colonial merchants and smugglers dressed as Natives, went to three tea-filled ships, and dumped 342 tea chests into the ocean

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21
Q

Coercive (Intolerable) Acts - Purpose

A

Passed in response to the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts

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22
Q

4 main laws of coercive acts

A
  1. Boston Harbor closed until ruined tea was paid
  2. Massachusetts charter was canceled. Legislature was dismissed + Committees of correspondence were banned
  3. Royal officials accused of crime were sent to Britain for trial
  4. Quartering Act was stronger
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23
Q

act def.

A

law made by British Parliament to enforce in colonies

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24
Q

boycott def.

A

people refusing to buy goods as a form of protest

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25
committee def.
group of people coming together for a purpose
26
correspondence def.
communicating via letters
27
propaganda def.
a story giving one side of an argument as a form a persuasion
28
repeal def.
to cancel
29
civil disobedience def.
break the law as non-violent protests
30
coerce def.
force intimidate bully
31
intolerable def.
unbearable; unable to tolerate
32
. What actions were taken by the First Continental Congress in response to the Intolerable Acts?
1. Ban all trade with Britain unitl Intolerable Acts were repealed 2. begin training militias (through volunteers) 3. send "Declaration of Rights" to King George III arguing the rights of life, liberty, and property
33
Describe the Battle of Lexington
Lexington: The British goal was to arrest Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Sons of Liberty and Pual Revere warned minutemen of approaching redcoats. 8 militiamen died but, but Samuel Adams and Paul Revere escaped
34
15. What actions were taken by the Second Continental Congress after Lexington and Concord?
1. form a continental army 2. make George Washington commanding general 3. Authorize printing of paper money to pay troops 4. send Olive Branch Petition as final attempt at peace/rejected by King
35
significance of battle of bunker hill
proved Patriots could take on Redcoats
36
significance of Dorchester Heights- Boston
meant that birthplace of rebellion was in Patriots hands
37
Who wrote Common Sense Why did he write it
Thomas Paine To state that it was common sense to declare independence from Britain this convinced people to become patriots
38
Arguments made in common sense
1. Kings don't rule by the will of god 2. monarchies are corrupt 3. U.S. products can sustain the economy 4. America should follow own destiny
39
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? He based the ideas on which philosopher
Thomas Jefferson John Locke
40
rights listed in D of I
life liberty pursuit of happiness
41
unalienable def.
garaunteed
42
Date Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress?
July 4th, 1776
43
According to the Declaration, governments must _________________________________________________________________, and if they don’t ______________________________________________________________________________________________
protect unalienable rights people should change govt.
44
Most of the Declaration are grievances against the British king. What is a grievance?
wrong doing/complaint
45
What difficulties did America face when trying to build the Continental Army?
1. army had short enlistment (1 year)= small army 2. lack of supplies 3. lack of public support 40% patriots 20% loyalist 40% neutral
46
. What were the advantages, of the Continental Army?
1. better leadership (GW) 2. foreign aid (France sent supplies, money, and troops to the U.S. +Spain) 3.Knowledge of the land (hit and run tactics called guerilla warfare) 4 motivation (life, liberty, and property)
47
What were the disadvantages of the Cont. Army
lack of training/experience shortage of supplies and weapons
48
What was the strategy of the Cont. Army
avoid major battles that would deplete army keep war going long enough until Great Britain decides "America is not worth it anymore"
49
What were the advantages of the British Army
best trained troops in the world very experienced well supplied had help from thousands of Hessian mercenaries from Germany
50
What were the disadvantages of the British Army
less motivation fighting on foreign soil
51
Early strategy of British Army
original strategy was to cut of England from other states
52
What battles are considered the turning point of the American Revolution? Why did these battles cause the war to turn in favor of the Americans?
Battle of Saratoga Showed European nations that America could win
53
Describe the difficulties American soldiers faced at Valley Forge.
winter of 1777-1778, soldiers were in winter camp at Valley Forge, PA men didn't have basic protections (blankets, clothing, shoes, and food) 2,000 men died of disease, malnutrition and exposure
54
What did surviving Valley Forge prove about the Continental Army? (you have to THINK for this one – not in notes)
It proved that America would not give up and showed their loyalty towards the US
55
26. How did the British strategy change after Saratoga? Why did they think this new strategy would be successful?
They decided to take war to South because they would have support from loyalists and they promised runaway slaves freedom if they enlisted
56
27. Name and describe the last major battle of the American Revolution.
Yorktown General Cornwallis camped at Yorktown. Washington and French army commanded by Comte de Rochambeau trapped General Cornwallis by land and French navy blocked him from sea. After several weeks, Cornwallis surrended.
57
28. List the three major terms of the Treaty of Paris 1783.
Great Britain recognized independence of US US set borders (Mississippi river=west) (Canada=north) (Spanish Florida=south) Gave U.S. the right to trade and settle west of the 13 colonies (no more porclamation)
58
patriot def.
American Colonists who support independence of U.S.
59
loyalist def.
American Colonists who stayed loyal to Great Britain and didn't support independence of US.
60
King George III def.
King on England
61
George Washington def.
Commanding general of Continental Army
62
Paul Revere def.
Warned minutemen that British were coming to Lexington and Concord (midnight ride)
63
Thomas Paine def.
made Common Sense and American Crisis (to inspire colonists to keep fighting)
64
Know all people of revolution
YESSSS!!!!!!!
65
duties def.
taxes on goods
66
describe the battle of concord
British goal was to destroy militia supplies in concord. Being warned in Advance, militiamen hid supplies before Britsh came. They forced British to retreat, killing Redcoats as they "shadowed" their march back to boston
67
what was the significance of the Battle of Lexington and Concord
1st shots of the Revolutionary War "Shots heard around the world" began revolution that would change the world

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