Americas Expansion

Question 1

reasons for slavery still growing by 1820

Answer 1

slaveholders in the south opened plantations
children of slaves became slaves
new cotton growing lands available in the south after 1790
1838 usa producing 1 million bales of cotton - overseas demand
banks willing to loan money to plantation owners if payed back with interest
many presidents from the south
1793 cotton gin engine by eli whitney

Question 2

features of the cotton gin engine

Answer 2

increased speed and quality of cotton production
50x faster
increased production and demand for cotton

Question 3

features of the louisiana purchase

Answer 3

land purchased from france in 1803
more plantations and slavery
1812 new louisiana joined usa
1819 land west of mississippi added to it and alabama and mississippi added
new states became cotton kingdoms
new orleans grew - by early 1820 cotton made up 42% of all exports

Question 4

jefferson’s contribution to expansion

Answer 4

keen to expand across continent
louisiana purchase led to more trade routes to the west
merirweather lewis and william lark send to explore new lands

Question 5

features of lewis and clark journey

Answer 5

set out may 1804
followed missouri river into rocky mountains through to the pacific coast
got on well with native americans
sacagawea acted as their guide
exploration led to a further expansion in the fur trade
encouraged other traders to head west
trade with native americans grew and little problems before 1840

Question 6

which new states were added to america

Answer 6

vermont
kentucky
tennessee
ohio
indiana
mississippi
illinois
alabama
florida
lousiana

Question 7

why did america grow so rapidly

Answer 7

george washington fought against native americans in the northwest and took their lands
from 1791 washington put 80% of his government budget to campaigns against native americans
1794 native americans defeated at battle of fallen timbers and leaders agreed to treaty of greenville allowing the usa to take parts of the north west territory under its control
thomas jefferson opened the north-west and southwest territories for settlement
slaveholders wanted to expand their plantation businesses especially in the warm south
the us government arranged the louisiana purchase 1803

Question 8

growth of the deep south

Answer 8

opened for settlement around 1790
between 1790-1838 thousands of slave plantations set up
enslaved were marched westwards as it expanded
by 1789 slavery was being phased out in 7 northwestern states

Question 9

impact of slavery on the north

Answer 9

factory owners brought southern cotton , turned it into cloth and sold it across america
invested in sale of slaves in the south
1820 cotton made up 42% of all us exports
southern traders shipped cotton to overseas markets in europe
1815-1819 around 100,000 slaves sold in the south

Question 10

tensions of native americans towards white americans

Answer 10

many lands us government took belonged to native american tribes, forcing them to move west

Question 11

tensions of white northerners towards white southerners

Answer 11

northern business owners thought slavery was unfair competition for their factories and was old fashioned

Question 12

tensions of white southerners towards white northerners

Answer 12

many southerners thought northern business owners were greedy and if powerful, a threat to their way of life

Question 13

tensions between abolitionists and other white americans

Answer 13

thought growth of slavery was immoral
set about trying to stop it altogether

Question 14

original 13 states in 1789

Answer 14

connecticut
delaware
georgia
maryland
new york
new jersey
massachusets
new hampshire
north carolina
pennsylvania
rhode island
virginia

Question 15

how growth of the usa started

Answer 15

new democratic republic in 1789 - only white property owning men able to vote
land north of river ohio is northwest territory
land south of river ohio is southwest territory
usa fought for independence from britain between 1776 and 1783
british handed over 230 million acres of native american lands to the usa
usa was a republic - no monarch
usa followed rules set out in its constitution
usa was a democracy
growth between 1789 and 1838 extremely fast and caused tension
usa known as a federal country - each of 13 states had its own powers

Question 16

powers of states

Answer 16

each state had its own government led by a state governor
state government could make its own laws but not go against the constitution
each state sent representatives to congress to make laws
each state helped elect a president every 4 years
president could suggest laws but congress had to agree
territories were controlled by congress and run. by a territorial government
george washington was president from 1789 until 1792

Question 17

free vs slave states

Answer 17

1780s slavery banned in the north but allowed in south
1838 2 million slaves in southern states who couldn’t vote
people in the north worried the slave holders in the south were too powerful
abolitionists believed slavery was against christianity and spoke out
quakers and methodists in the north spoke out
some religious groups in the south were in favour of slavery
people worried if a new slave state or free state was added to the usa it would upset the balance of power
this led to the missouri compromise in 1820

Question 18

missouri compromise

Answer 18

tried to stop conflict between slave and non slave states
drew a virtual line across the middle of the country. any states created in the west which fell below the line could be slave states, those above would be free states
all territories in the west epidural be free until they joined as states
pattern of adding states as pairs - one slave and one free to balance power in government

Question 19

strains in society after missouri compromise

Answer 19

growing fears about slavery
growing power from slavery
growing opposition to slavery
growing dependence on slavery

Question 20

growing fears about slavery

Answer 20

southern whites worried about the risks - 1803 slave revolt on st dominique
jan 1811 new orleans enslaves person charles desfondes revolt organised which was crushed
opponents to slavery in the north said it was outdated and relied on violence but many in the north were worried about rebellion if slaves were freed

Question 21

growing power from slavery

Answer 21

as the south grew it was more influential in politics
1829 to 1837 andrew jackson president and supported slavery

Question 22

growing opposition to slavery

Answer 22

abolitionists
some disliked that a black american in the north could be sent to the south if a judge thought they were a runaway slave
some abolitionists wanted to free enslaved and send all black americans to africa
some abolitionists wished to stir up rebellion in the south

Question 23

growing dependence on slavery

Answer 23

owners of large plantations relied on slave labour
only a small group benefitted from the profits
the norths goods from factories made factories and businesses profitable

Question 24

the 5 civilised tribes

Answer 24

cherokee
chickasaw
choctaw
creek
seminole

Question 25

the 5 tribes living alongside white americans

Answer 25

the cherokee tried to use the same political structure as the usa ; creating a capital city and using money for the economy , creating a written language
by 1820 the cherokee had their own churches, schools and newspaper
other 4 tribes began to take a similar approach

Question 26

removing eastern tribes to secure growth

Answer 26

white settlers entered lands of tribes as early as the 1790s to farm or create plantations
1829 andrew jackson became president
jackson persuaded congress to pass indian removal act 1830 promising tribes money to relocate
he set aside native american territory west of the mississippi river
he believed the indian natives moving west would be in their best interests

Question 27

choctaw and chickasaw response to indian removal act

Answer 27

signed treaties and began moving
1831 -1833 choctaw gave up 1 mil actores of land and 15000 moved to native american territory
thousands died due to harsh winters, lack of government funds and disease

Question 28

cherokee response to indian removal act

Answer 28

took case to the supreme court to complain about georgia trying to remove them
1832 supreme court ruled cherokee should stay

Question 29

creek response to indian removal act

Answer 29

refused to sign a treaty at all

Question 30

government tactics to remove seminole

Answer 30

native americans lived in florida
1830 small group of them signed a treaty with the us government and moved to indian territory
not all of them agreed
government declared war against them 1835-42 in the seminole war
cost the gov 40-60 million
usa lost the war but had osceola thw chief killed during peace talks
after this the remaining were pushed west

Question 31

government tactics to removing the creek

Answer 31

signed a treaty giving up some of alabama in march 1832
each creek promised individual land in return
some white settlers moved into lands not sold in treaty and alabama gov didn’t help
1835 creek began attacking settlers and stealing livestock
1836-1837 army removed over 15000 creek to native american territory
by 1839 15,000 had moved west

Question 32

trail of tears

Answer 32

most cherokee still refused to move after 1832
1835 some signed a treaty and headed west- most rejected and petitioned congress
1838 only 2000 had moved west and army sent to remove cherokee who stayed
cherokee were forced into concentration camps until winter
forced to march on trail of tears
4000 died due to cold, hunger and disease
1838 andrew jackson had removed 46,000 indians from their lands