Amines & Alkaloids

Question 1

A primary amine contains 1 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

Answer 1

RNH2

Question 2

A secondary amine contains 2 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

Answer 2

R2NH

Question 3

A tertiary amine contains 3 C—N bond, and has the general structure of?

Answer 3

R3N

Question 4

The quaternary amine has no lone pair and bears a ________ charge.

Answer 4

Positive

Question 5

Amines with the N directly bonded to a benzene ring are named as derivatives of _______.

Answer 5

Aniline

Question 6

________ amines have lower boiling points than primary and secondary amines because they have no N—H bonds.

Answer 6

Tertiary Amines

Question 7

________ and ________ are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain amine heterocycles.

Answer 7

Caffeine & Nicotine

Question 8

Caffeine and nicotine are naturally occurring plant _________.

Answer 8

Alkaloids

Question 9

Is obtained from the opium poppy, and has been used as a pain reliever for centuries.

Answer 9

Morphine

Question 10

Is also present in the opium poppy, but in smaller amounts.

Answer 10

Codeine

Question 11

Is used for less severe pain, but it is still very addictive, found in cough syrup.

Answer 11

Codeine

Question 12

This very addictive illegal drug is made from morphine.

Answer 12

Heroin

Question 13

Heroin is ____ polar than morphine, making it more soluble in the body’s fat cells.

Answer 13

Less polar

Question 14

Is isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree native to the Andes Mountains.

Answer 14

Quinine

Question 15

It is a powerful antipyretic (fever reducer), used to treat malaria.

Answer 15

Quinine

Question 16

It gives tonic water its characteristic bitter flavor.

Answer 16

Quinine

Question 17

Is isolated from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade plant.

Answer 17

Atropine

Question 18

It relaxes smooth muscle and interferes with nerve impulses and is toxic in high doses.

Answer 18

Atropine

Question 19

Are amines acids or bases?

Answer 19

Bases

Question 20

Amines are bases; they are proton (H+) _________.

Answer 20

Acceptors

Question 21

Amines react with _____ (HCl) to form water-soluble salts.

Answer 21

Acids

Question 22

The products of the acid/base reaction form an?

Answer 22

Ammonium salt

Question 23

A water-insoluble amine is converted to a water- soluble ________ ____ by treatment with acid.

Answer 23

Ammonium salt

Question 24

Is used to relieve nasal discomfort caused by colds, allergies, and hay fever. It is also used to relieve sinus congestion and pressure.

Answer 24

Phenylephrine

Question 25

The antihistamine ________ is sold as the salt diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

Answer 25

Benadryl

Question 26

It is used as a preservative in eyedrops; in higher concentrations it is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

Answer 26

Benzalkonium Chloride

Question 27

Is a chemical messenger that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another.

Answer 27

Neurons

Question 28

The space between the two neurons is called a _______.

Answer 28

Synapse

Question 29

The ___________ neuron releases the neuro- transmitter.

Answer 29

Presynaptic neuron

Question 30

The ____________ neuron contains the receptors that bind the neurotransmitter.

Answer 30

Postsynaptic neuron

Question 31

Norepinephrine and dopamine are structurally related as they are both synthesized from the amino acid ________.

Answer 31

Tyrosine

Question 32

Is converted into adrenaline when a person experiences fear or stress.

Answer 32

Norepinephrine

Question 33

It affects the brain processes that control movement, emotions, and pleasure.

Answer 33

Dopamine

Question 34

Overly high levels of ________ are unhealthy and are associated with schizophrenia.

Answer 34

Dopamine

Question 35

_________ is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan.

Answer 35

Serotonin

Question 36

Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid __________.

Answer 36

Tryptophan

Question 37

Is a quaternary ammonium ion that serves as a neurotransmitter between neurons and muscle cells.

Answer 37

Acetylcholine

Question 38

Is a hormone made from norepinephrine, the neurotransmitter.

Answer 38

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 39

Is a biologically active amine formed in many tissues.

Answer 39

Histamine

Question 40

Is a neurotransmitter with two different receptors (H1 and H2) with a wide range of effects on the body.

Answer 40

Histamine

Question 41

It dilates capillaries (vasodilator), causes the symptoms of allergies, and stimulates the secretion of stomach acid.

Answer 41

Histamine

Question 42

Common ______________ block histamine uptake by binding to the H1 receptor.

Answer 42

Antihistamines

Question 43

The 1o, 2o, and 3o amine N atom has a ____ ____ of e−, which is omitted in condensed structures.

Answer 43

Lone Pair

Question 44

This contains most poisonous alkaloid known as coniine.

Answer 44

Hemlock

Question 45

An NH2 group is called an _____ group when named as a substituent.

Answer 45

Amino

Question 46

Which among primary, secondary, and tertiary amines have the lowest boiling point?

Answer 46

Tertiary Amines

Question 47

Caffeine and nicotine are widely used stimulants of the central nervous system that contain _____ heterocycles.

Answer 47

Amine

Question 48

It is a mild stimulant, increasing the heart rate and signaling for glucose production so a person feels energetic.

Answer 48

Caffeine

Question 49

Both OH groups in morphine and heroin are converted to?

Answer 49

Esters

Question 50

Monomethylated, demethylated and trimethylated amines can be separated by?

Answer 50

Distillation