amines, amino acids and chirality Flashcards
give the structure of a quaternary amine
give the structure of a tertiary amine
give the structure of a secondary amine
give the structure of a primary amine
what is an amine
is derived from ammonia and all contain a nitrogen atom where hydrogen are replaced with an organic group
what type of amine is an aromatic amine
primary
non aromatic amines are known as what
aliphatic
what do amines act as and why
act as a base due to the lone pair on nitrogen which is able to attract electrons via dative covalent bonding
what effects the strength of the base
density, the higher the electron density the more readily available the electrons are
how are aliphatic amines made and what is the by product
reacting a halogenalkane with excess ammonia
ammonium chloride
how do you make aromatic amines
reducing nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene
step1: heat under reflux with conc. HCl to form a salt
step2: salt produced is reacted with an alkali such as NaOH to produce an aromatic amine
what are amides
derivatives of carboxylic acids and have the functional group CONH2
draw the general structure of an amino acid
amino acids are amphoteric what does this mean
they have acidic and basic properties
amino acids are chiral what does this mean
it has four different groups attached to a central carbon atom
