Atomic structure and Isotopes

Question 1

What is contained in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 1

Where are electrons in an atom

Answer 1

orbit the nucleus in shells

Question 2

What is the relative charge and relative mass of a proton

Answer 2

rc= +1
rm= 1

Question 3

What is the relative charge and relative mass of a neutron

Answer 3

rc= 0
rm= 1

Question 4

What is the relative charge and relative mass of an electron

Answer 4

rc= -1
rm= 1/2000

Question 5

What does the mass number tell us

Answer 5

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 6

What does the atomic number tell us

Answer 6

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 7

What is the charge of all atoms

Answer 7

neutral

Question 8

What are ions

Answer 8

they have a different number of electrons and protons

Question 9

What is a negative ion

Answer 9

an ion that has gained electrons to have a full outer shell to form a more stable ionic compound

Question 10

What is a positive ion

Answer 10

an ion that has lost electrons to gain a full outer shell to form a more stable compound

Question 11

What are isotopes

Answer 11

elements with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

What was John Dalton’s interpretation of the atom

Answer 12

atoms were spheres and each elements is made up of different spheres

Question 13

What was J.J’s interpretation of the atom

Answer 13

discovered the electron and created the plum pudding model, discovered it wasn’t solid and was made up of other particles

Question 14

What was Rutherford’s interpretation of the atom

Answer 14

discovered the nucleus and that it was very small and positively charged, also concluded the atom was mainly made up of empty space he called a negative cloud

Question 15

What was Rutherford’s evidence for his model

Answer 15

used the gold leaf experiment in which he fired positive alpha particles at a thin gold leaf, most travelled through (empty space) but some deflected back (hit a small positive nucleus

Question 16

What was Bohr’s interpretation of the atom

Answer 16

discovered the cloud of electrons would collapse into the positive nucleus so proposed there were energy shells

Question 17

What was Bohr’s evidence for his interpretation of the atom

Answer 17

when EM radiation is absorbed, electrons mov between shells and emit thus radiation when electrons move down to lower energy shells

Question 18

Describe the atomic model today

Answer 18

electrons don’t have the same energy in shells, sub shells are present which explains ionisation trends

Question 19

Define the term relative atomic mass

Answer 19

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 20

Define the term relative isotopic mass

Answer 20

the mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 21

What does m/z represent on a mass spectra graph

Answer 21

the mass of an isotope divided by its charge

Question 22

what is the equation for relative atomic mass

Answer 22

(abundance of A) x (abundance B) / total abundance