Bonding and structure

Question 1

describe and explain features of ionic compounds

Answer 1

dissolve in water as water molecules are polar so can attract negative and positive ions
conduct electricity when molten or dissolved as ions are free to move and carry charge
have high melting and boiling points as have strong electrostatic attraction which requires a lot of energy to break

Question 1

what is ionic bonding

Answer 1

electrostatic attraction between positively charged and negatively charged ions

Question 2

what is covalent bonding

Answer 2

shared pair of electrons

Question 3

what is a dative covalent bond

Answer 3

where one atom donates two electrons to an atom to form a bond

Question 4

what is average bond enthalpy

Answer 4

the measure of covalent bond strength

Question 5

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a linear molecule have and what is its angle, give an example

Answer 5

BP=2
LP=0
180
BaCl2

Question 6

how many bond pairs and lone pairs does a trigonal planar molecule have an what is its bond angle, give an example

Answer 6

BP= 3
LP=0
120
BF3

Question 7

how many bond pairs, lone pairs does a tetrahedral molecule have and what is its angle, give an example

Answer 7

BP=4
LP=0
109.5
CH4

Question 8

how many bond pairs, lone pairs does a non-linear molecule have and what is its angle, give an example

Answer 8

BP= 2
LP= 2
104.5
water

Question 9

how many bond pairs, lone pairs does an octahedral molecule have and what is its bond angle, give an example

Answer 9

BP=6
LP=0
90
SF6

Question 10

what is electronegativity

Answer 10

the ability for an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond

Question 11

what element is the most electronegative

Answer 11

fluorine

Question 12

the bigger the difference in electronegativity the _____ polar the molecule will be

Answer 12

more

Question 13

what are the weakest type of bonds

Answer 13

intermolecular forces

Question 14

what are the three types of intermolecular forces

Answer 14

induced dipole dipole, permanent dipole dipole
hydrogen bonding

Question 15

hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen another molecule forms a bond with the lone pair on what three elements

Answer 15

nitrogen, fluorine and oxygen

Question 16

draw a diagram of hydrogen bonding

Question 17

why is ice less dense as a solid

Answer 17

it forms a lattice which expands as molecules are held further apart

Question 18

why does water have such a high boiling and melting point

Answer 18

has hydrogen bonds which are very strong therefore require a lot of energy to break

Question 19

give an example of simple molecular bonding describe its start state, conductivity, solubility and melting/ boiling point

Answer 19

I2, liquid or gas, can’t conduct as solid or liquid, depends on polarity, low melting/boiling point

Question 20

give an example of giant ionic bonding describe its start state, conductivity, solubility and melting/ boiling point

Answer 20

NaCl, solid, can only conduct as a liquid, soluble, high boiling/ melting points due to electrostatic attraction