Amines and Amides Module 6 Flashcards
What’s an amine?
If or more of the hydrogens in ammonia are replaced by an organic group
What’s a primary amine?
When one hydrogen is replaced by an organic group, in the ammonia
What’s a secondary amine?
When 2 hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups in the ammonia
What’s a tertiary amine?
When 3 hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups in ammonia
What’s a quaternary amine?
When 4 hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups in ammonia, Nitrogen will have a positive charge
What’s a phenylamine?
When a hydrogen atom is replaced by a benezene ring
Why are amines bases, and what does this mean?
Because there is a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of an amine, that’s able to accept protons
Means are nuetralised by acids to make ammonium salts
What does aliphatic mean?
Doesn’t contain benzene rings
How can you make aliphatic amines, and the second step you have to do aswell?
Heating a haloalkane with an excess of ammonia dissolved in ethanol
Will produce a mixture of primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium salts, as more than one hydrogen is likely to undergo nucleophillic substiution
So have to separate products using fractional distilation
How can you make aromatic amines?
Heat a mixture of a nitro compound, tin metal, and concentrated HCl under reflux which creates a salt
To get the aromatic amine, have to then add NaOH
What’s an amide?
Carboxylic acid derivative
So it’s a C double bonded to an oxygen, and single bonded to a Nitrogen which is bonded to 2 hydrogens
Becomes a secondary amide if one of the hydrogens bonded to the nitrogen is an organic group
Describe the structure of an amino acid?
Carbon in centre, bonded to a variable R group above, a Hydrogen bellow, a NH2 group to the left and a COOH group to the right
What happens when you react an amino acid with NaOH?
Reacts with COOH group to form a Conjugate base (So OH loses it’s hydrogen), which then forms a salt with Na+
What happens when you react an amino acid with HCl?
Reacts with NH2 group to form a Conjugate acid (NH3+), which then combines with Cl- to form a salt
What is produced if you react an amino acid and an alcohol?
Ester is formed, (reaction between COOH of amino acid and OH of the alcohol)
