Amino Acids

Question 1

There are how many amino acids?

Answer 1

20

Question 2

All amino acids exist in what form?Are there any exceptions?

Answer 2

L form
Glycine is an exception

Question 3

Why is glycine not in the L-form?

Answer 3

It does NOT have a chiral carbon.

Question 4

What is a chiral carbon?

Answer 4

A carbon with different compounds at each binding site.

Question 5

All amino acids are

Answer 5

amphoteric

Question 6

Amphoteric means they can act as?

Answer 6

Acid or Base

Question 7

What determines the function of the amino acid?

Answer 7

R group or side chain

Question 8

What are the essential amino acids? PVT TIM HALL

Answer 8

phenylalanine
valine
tryptophan
threonine
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
arginine
leucine
lysine

Question 9

What is essential in a CHILD but NOT in adult?

Answer 9

histidine

Question 10

What are the purely KETOGENIC amino acids? (degraded into acetyl coA)

Answer 10

leucine and lysine

Question 11

What is a precursor to carnitine

Answer 11

lysine

Question 12

Carnitine takes what into the mitochondria and for what?

Answer 12

FA for Beta Oxidation

Question 13

What are the AROMATIC amino acids? (aromatic ring in side chain)

Answer 13

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

Question 14

Which 2 aromatic AAs are essential

Answer 14

phenylalanine and tryptophan

Question 15

What are the SULFUR containing amino acids?

Answer 15

cysteine, methionine, cystine

Question 16

A cystine is

Answer 16

2 cysteines linked together

Question 17

What are the BRANCHED CHAIN amino acids

Answer 17

isoleucine, leucine, valine

Question 18

What disease is due to the inability to break down branched chain AA

Answer 18

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 19

What are the ACIDIC amino acids?

Answer 19

aspartate and glutamate

Question 20

Aspartame contains aspartic acid. Excess would be

Answer 20

neurotoxic

Question 21

Basic amino acids are the greatest positive net charge + at

Answer 21

normal pH of blood

Question 22

Protein Source: WHEAT
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 22

Protein Source:
What is the limiting Amino AcidLysine

Question 23

Protein Source: RICE
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 23

lysine

Question 24

Protein Source: LEGUMES
What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 24

tryptophan

Question 25

Protein Source: MAIZE What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 25

lysine and tryptophan

Question 26

Protein Source: PULSES What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 26

methionine or cysteine

Question 27

Protein Source: EGG and CHICKEN What is the limiting Amino Acid?

Answer 27

NONE

Question 28

**Phenylalanine** -→

Answer 28

**Tyrosine**

Question 29

Deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase =

Answer 29

Phenylketonuria = PKU can't convert to tyrosine

Question 30

Tyrosine -→ L Dopa -→ DOPAM_INE -→_

Answer 30

dopamine -→ norepinephrine -→ epinephrine (catecholamines)

Question 31

Tyrosine -→ L Dopa -→ skin pigmentation

Answer 31

-→ melanin

Question 32

If you can't convert **L Dopa -→ Melanin** what happens?

Answer 32

Albinism

Question 33

Tyrosine -→ T?

Answer 33

**T3 and T4**

Question 34

Tryptophan -→ **serotonin** and **niacin**

Answer 34

Tryptophan -→ **serotonin** -→ **melatonin** Tryptophan -→ **niacin** -→ **nicotinamide**

Question 35

For every **10** **kg** of body **weight** you need _ g of **protein**

Answer 35

10 kg BW = 8g of protein

Question 36

Isoelectric Point

Answer 36

= pH when an amino acid has no net electrical charge it is neutral

Question 37

Glutathione is a tripeptide of ?

Answer 37

Glycine + Glutamate + Cysteine

Question 38

Selenium is a mineral enzyme of

Answer 38

Glutathione Peroxidase

Question 39

Insulin

Answer 39

= **2 polypeptide** **chains** linked by **disulfide** bond

Question 40

Polypeptide hormones include

Answer 40

insulin and glucagon

Question 41

Catecholamine includes

Answer 41

epi, norepi, dopamine

Question 42

Steroid includes

Answer 42

testosterone, cortisol, estrogen, progesterone

Question 43

An amino acid is characterized by the presence of ?

Answer 43

AMINE NH2

Question 44

An **essential** amino acid __ be synthesized by the body

Answer 44

CANNOT

Question 45

The non-essential amino acids are manufactured where?

Answer 45

LIVER