Amino Acids and Mutation Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
How many possible codons code for amino acids?
A
64 possible codons code for 20 amino acids
2
Q
T or F: most amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon
A
true
3
Q
Ala; A
A
alanine
4
Q
Cys; C
A
cysteine
5
Q
Asp; D
A
aspartic acid
6
Q
Glu; E
A
glutamic acid
7
Q
Phe; F
A
phenylalanine
8
Q
Gly; G
A
glycine
9
Q
His; H
A
histidine
10
Q
IIe; I
A
isoleucine
11
Q
Lys; K
A
lysine
12
Q
Leu; L
A
leucine
13
Q
Met; M
A
methionine
14
Q
Asn; N
A
asparagine
15
Q
Pro; P
A
proline
16
Q
Gln; Q
A
glutamine
17
Q
Arg; R
A
arginine
18
Q
Ser; S
A
serine
19
Q
Thr: T
A
threonine
20
Q
Val; V
A
valine
21
Q
Trp; W
A
tryptophan
22
Q
Tyr; Y
A
tyrosine
23
Q
What are the start codons?
A
AUG; methionine
24
Q
What are the end codons?
A
UAA, UAG, UGA
25
What causes mutations?
caused by small or large changes in the gene such as point mutations (small) and insertions, rearrangement, and deletions (range in size from small to very large)
26
What can mutation alter?
1. the sequence and structure of protein
2. the regulatory regions of a gene and change expression
27
What are mutations that eliminate the function of a gene?
1. null
2. loss-of-function mutations
28
T or F: most mutations are conservative
true
29
What is the most common mutation?
point mutation
30
T or F: point mutations will always lead to changes in proteins
false
31
What are mutations?
heritable changes in DNA sequence
32
What are the types of point mutations?
1. missense mutations
2. nonsense mutations
3. silent mutations
33
What are missense mutations?
alter the encoded amino acid (may cause trouble)
34
What are nonsense mutations?
introduce a premature stop codon (usually bad)
35
What are silent mutations?
do not change the amino acid sequence (no effect)
