Aminoglycoside antibiotics Flashcards
what is the MOA?
irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit blocking protein synthesis
Bacteriocidal or bacteristatic
Is bacteriocial depending on conc
They are —– dependent
concentration
What drug should it not be administered with?
Chloramphenicol
What drug does it work synergistically with?
B-lactams
What bacteria are they used against?
Severe aerobic G(-)
Moderate activity against G(+) aerobes and Penicillinases Staph
Resistance?
Obligate anaerobes (deep in pus)
Can they be used in food producing animals?
No
What tier are they in?
Tier-2 (reserved antibiotic)
What environment enhances its effectiveness and which reduces it?
Enhances in alkaline environments
Reduced in acidic environments followed tissue injury and inflammation processes
Describe absorption, distribution and elimination?
A - poor orally when GI mucosa is healthy
D - Poor in CNS/eye
Highly hydrophilic and complete distribution following IV bolus
High conc found in renal cortex, endolymph and perilymph of the ear
E - mostly non-metabolised by glomerular filtration
Name some adverse effects?
Ototoxicity in cats
Nephrotoxicity
What are some examples of aminoglycoside antibiotics?
Gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, Tobramycin
Important considerations about Gentamicin?
Dont use against mycobacterium (resistance)
likely to cause nephrotoxicity
What is neomycin used for?
topical skin, aural and ophthalmic preps
rarely used systemically
