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ANURBF > amniotic fluid > Flashcards

amniotic fluid Flashcards

1
Q

: AMNIOTIC FLUID
- Found in the

A

amnion

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2
Q

mainly delivered from the maternal
circulation which contributes approximately 35 mL of
amniotic fluid

A

First trimester:

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3
Q

mainly come from fetal urine
(major contributor of amniotic fluid volume after first
trimester)

A

Succeeding trimesters

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4
Q

(major contributor of amniotic fluid volume after first
trimester)

A

fetal urine

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4
Q

excessive accumulation of amniotic fluid

A

Polyhydramnios

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4
Q

assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity or
fetal hemolytic disease

A

Third Trimester

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5
Q

General Collection:safely performed after the __ week of
gestation

A

14th

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5
Q

decrease in amniotic fluid; caused by
increased fetal swallowing, urinary tract deformities, and
membrane leakage

A

Oligohydramnios

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5
Q

t is also associated with fetal structural anomalies,
cardiac arrythmias, congenital infections, and
chromosomal abnormalities.

A

Polyhydramnios:

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5
Q

Indicates fetal distress associated with neural tube
defects

A

Polyhydramnios

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6
Q

assessment of
genetic defects and chromosomal analysis

A
  • Second Trimester (16th week of gestation):
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6
Q

Associated with congenital malformations, premature
rupture of amniotic membranes, and umbilical cord
compression that may result decelerated heart rate and
fetal death

A

Oligohydramnios:

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6
Q

: involves needle aspiration of amniotic fluid
through transabdominal amniocentesis or vaginal
amniocentesis

A

Amniocentesis

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7
Q

Maximum of__ ml using sterile syringes (discard first __
ml because it might be contaminated with maternal blood,
tissue fluid, and cells

A

30 mL; 2-3 mL

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8
Q

20
th to 42nd Weeks of Gestation

A
  • Fetal lung maturity
  • Fetal distress
  • Rh HDN
  • Infection
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9
Q

color: meconium (first defecation of the fetus)

A

Dark-green

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9
Q

increased amniotic fluid volume

A

Hydramnios

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9
Q

color: bilirubin, hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Yellow:

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9
Q

placed on ice and refrigerate prior to
testing, refrigerated up to 72 hours prior to testing

A

Fetal Lung Maturity:

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9
Q

maintained at room or ref
temperature, to prolong the life cells to be studied

A

Cytogenetic studies:

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9
Q

must be protected from light at all times
(amber bottles)

A

Bilirubin analysis

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9
Q

separate from cells immediately using
centrifugation or filtration

A

Chemical testing

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9
Q

normal color of amniotic fluid

A

colorless

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9
Q

color: fetal death

A

dark red brown

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9
Q

color: : traumatic collection, abdominal trauma,
intra-amniotic hemorrhage

A

Blood-streaked

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10
Q

decreased amniotic fluid volume

A

Oligohydramnios:

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11
Q

amniotic fluid urea level

A

3.5mg/DL

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11
Q

amniotic fluid creatine level

A

30mg/dL

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12
Q

Maternal urine urea level

A

10mg/dL

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13
Q

maternal urine creatinine level

A

300 mg/dL

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14
Q

serves as the control or basis for lecithin
increase

A

Sphingomyelin:

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14
Q

found in the lungs, it allows the alveoli to open
for the fetus to properly inhale and exhale

A

Surfactant:

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14
Q

L:S
After 36th week of gestation:

A

Lecithin > Sphingomyelin

14
Q

It determines the total surfactant in the lungs

A

Test for Fetal Lung Maturity

14
Q

L/S Ratio indicates fetal lung maturity

A

> 2.0

15
Q

Foam Stability Index : indicates fetal lung immaturity

A

Value of < 47

15
Q

most frequent
complication of early delivery caused by the lack of
lung surfactant

A

Respiratory distress syndrome

15
Q

Lung surfactant that may be assayed in place of L/S Ratio
- Production similar to lecithin except for diabetic mothers
(delayed)

A

Phosphatidylglycerol/Phosphatidylinositol

16
Q

Considered as the reference method

A

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio

16
Q

Normal L/S ratio

A

: 2:1

16
Q

maintains alveolar stability

A

Lecithin:

16
Q

Semiquantitative measure of the amount of surfactants
present

A

Foam Stability Index

16
Q

L:S
Up to 26th week of gestation:

A

Lecithin < Sphingomyelin

16
Q

L:S
36th week of gestation:

A

Lecithin = Sphingomyelin

17
Q

Measures the change in microviscosity which decreases in
the presence of phospholipids
- Uses fluorescence polarization (Abbott TDx Analyzer) and
albumin as the internal standard

A

Microviscosity

17
Q

L/S Ratio;; indicates fetal lung immaturity

A

< 1.6

18
Q

Assayed using TLC or Amniostat-FLM (this uses antisera
specific for phosphatidylglycerol and is not affected by
specimen contamination with blood)

A

Phosphatidylglycerol/Phosphatidylinositol

19
Q

Lamellar Bodies indicated fetal lung
maturity

A

> 32,000/m:

19
Q

Shaking amniotic fluid with 95% ethanol for 15 seconds
- (+) Result: presence of bubble for 15 minutes

A

Foam/Shake Test

20
Q

optical density of bilirubin peak

A

peak @ 450 nm)

20
Q

Foam Stability Index; indicates fetal lung maturity

A

Value of ≥ 47

20
Q

decreased fluorescence, high polarization

A

Dye-albumin

21
Q

ellar Bodies
- Lamellar bodies containing surfactants and produced by

A

Type II pneumocytes

21
Q

longer fluorescence, low polarization

A
  • Dye-surfactant
22
Q

Used for the evaluation of hemolytic disease of the
newborn caused by Rh or ABO incompatibilities

A

Bilirubin Analysis

23
Q

Normal pregnancy: bilirubin?

A

decreases

24
Q

bilirubin plotted on

A

Liley graph

25
Q

Performed for the detection of neural tube defects

A

Alpha-fetoprotein

26
Q
A
27
Q

congenital absence of all or a major part
of the brain

A

Anencephaly

27
Q

zone bilirubin severely affected → intervention required
(deliver/treat)

A

Zone 3

28
Q

zone bilirubin non-affected/mildly affected → observe for
fetal stress

A

Zone 1

28
Q

highest AFP
concentration

A

12th to 15th week of gestation:

28
Q

AFP concentration
declines

A

After 15th week of gestation:

28
Q

congenital cleft of the spinal column
- Produced by the fetal liver and are present in amniotic fluid
and maternal serum

A

Spina bifida

29
Q

AFP: indicates abnormal result

A

MoM > 2.0: i

29
Q

zone bilirubin moderately affected → requires close
monitoring and treatment

A

Zone 2:

29
Q

Increases as the baby nears term and concentration is 1.5
to 2.0 mg/dL prior to 36th week of gestation

A

Creatinine Concentration

29
Q

Precaution: sample should not be contaminated with blood

A

Acetylcholinesterase Level

30
Q

Component of nerve tissue that is elevated in amniotic fluid
in neural tube defects

A

Acetylcholinesterase Level

30
Q

Used as a confirmatory test for an elevated AFP

A

Acetylcholinesterase Level

31
Q

Creatinine Concentration is measured by

A

Jaffe’s reaction

31
Q

Creatinine Concentration ; indicates that the pregnancy is over 36 weeks

A

> 2.0 mg/dL

31
Q
A
32
Q
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Q
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33
Q
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33
Q
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Q
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34
Q
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34
Q
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ANURBF (8 decks)

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