Synovial fluid Flashcards
SYNOVIAL FLUID A viscous liquid found in the cavities of?
Diarthroses
SYNOVIAL FLUID Also known as the
joint fluid
o The viscosity is due to the
hyaluronic acid
needle aspiration of fluid from joints
Arthrocentesis:
Tube?
Heparin
Liquid EDTA
Microscopic
examination: cell
counts
tube 2
Tube?
Non-anticoagulated
NaF
Chemistry
Glucose analysis
tube 1
Total protein:
<3 g/dL
Glucose testing: fasting for
6 hours
Neutrophils:
<25% of total WBCs
Tube?
Sterile heparinized
tube
SPS tube
Microbiology: Gram
stain and culture
tube 3
Crystals:
none present
Glucose:
10 mg/dL lower than blood
why should you not use powdere anticoags?
it interferes with crystal analysis
normal Volume:
< 3.5 mL
VARIATIONS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
inflammatory process
Yellow and cloudy:
inflammation volume?
> 25 ml with inflammation.
hemorrhage
Red, brown or xanthochromic:
color
colorless to pale yellow
Leukocyte count
<200 cells/uL
Clarity:
clear
Viscosity
: able to from 4 to 6 cm long
equal to blood concentration?
Uric acid
Crystals color?
milky
Increased volume means?
severe joint involvement
Poor/low viscosity (<3cm strings):
arthritis
Bacterial infection
Greenish:
Vacuolated macrophages with
ingested neutrophils
Seen in Reiter’s syndrome and
non-specific inflammation
Reiter cells
diluent for hyperviscous sample?
NSS
0.1N HCl
1% saponin in saline
Seen in rheumatoid arthritis and
immunologic inflammation
RA cells/Ragocytes
Neutrophils with small, dark,
cytoplasmic granules of
precipitated rheumatoid factor
RA cells/Ragocytes