amputations

Question 1

amputations

Answer 1

congenital, peripheral, vascular disease, trauma, cancer, infection

Question 2

body powered prosthesis

Answer 2

uses specific muscles to place tension on the cable that opens or closes the terminal device

Question 3

two main types of body operated TDs

Answer 3

hook and the prosthetic hands

Question 4

voluntary closing (VC)

Answer 4

hook remains closed until tension is placed on cable and then it closes

Question 5

voluntary opening (VO)

Answer 5

hook remains closed until tension is placed on the cable and then it opens
- prescribed more than the VC

Question 6

Hook TDs

Answer 6

used to perform functional activities

Question 7

hook with slanted fingertip

Answer 7

easier for the used to see during functional tasks

Question 8

a lyre shape hook

Answer 8

allows for a cylindrical grasp

Question 9

aluminum hook

Answer 9

less weight, used mainly for lighter functional tasks

Question 10

stainless steel hook

Answer 10

sturdier, better for heavier outdoor work

Question 11

hand TDs

Answer 11

used for cosmetic appearance and have limited pinch force

Question 12

transradial prosthesis of body powered

Answer 12

uses humeral flexion and scapular abduction

Question 13

transhumeral prosthesis of body powered

Answer 13

uses humeral flexion and scapular abduction and scapular depression, shoulder extension, and abduction to lock and unlock elbow

Question 14

shoulder disarticulation of body powered

Answer 14

chest expansion to control

Question 15

myoelectric (electrically powered) prosthesis

Answer 15

• muscle contractions of 2 different muscle groups are used to control the TD
• hook and hand

Question 16

electric hook

Answer 16

allows for pinch and fine motor manipulation

Question 17

sensor hand electric

Answer 17

open and close and has 3 point pinch

Question 18

multi-articulating hand electric

Answer 18

have multiple grasp patterns that allow for increased functional use

Question 19

transradial prosthesis of electric

Answer 19

uses wrist flexors and extensors

Question 20

transhumeral prosthesis of electric

Answer 20

uses biceps and triceps

Question 21

shoulder disarticulation of electric

Answer 21

uses pectoralis major or infraspinatus

Question 22

hybrid prostheses

Answer 22

combination of body powered and electrical powered
- most common for elbow or above elbow amputations

Question 23

passive prosthesis: static

Answer 23

• used for cosmetic appearance; can be passively adjusted to assist with carrying and grasping

Question 24

activity specific prosthesis

Answer 24

• no harness or control cable
• designed to be used for specific work and leisure tasks
• can be used interchangeably with a body powered or myoelectric prosthesis

Question 25

body powered prosthesis advantages

Answer 25

- durable and can be exposed to environmental conditions - provides proprioceptive feedback - lower maintenance costs

Question 26

body powered prosthesis disadvantages

Answer 26

- restrictive harness - decreased grip force compared to myoelectric options - force is exerted on the residual limb - can be difficult to control for high levels of amputations

Question 27

myoelectric prosthesis advantages

Answer 27

- improved cosmesis - increased and proportional grip - minimal or no harnessing - provides a larger functional work envelope for use - minimal effort needed to control - can be fitted early in rehab phase

Question 28

myoelectric disadvantages

Answer 28

- increased cost - frequency of maintenance and repair for battery - lack of sensory feedback - susceptible to interference from moisture or other environmental factors - increased overall weight

Question 29

hybrid prosthesis advantages

Answer 29

- simultaneous control of elbow and wrist or terminal device - less weight than an entirely electrically powered prosthesis - increased grip force

Question 30

hybrid prosthesis disadvantages

Answer 30

- harness is required for operations of elbow - may be difficult to operate with a short transhumeral or higher amputation because of the force required to operate the elbow

Question 31

passive prosthesis advantages

Answer 31

- no harnessing - provides cosmetic restoration and positive body image - low maintenance - lightweight - digits can be positioned for static grasp or opposition

Question 32

passive prosthesis disadvantages

Answer 32

- does not provide active grasping function - costmetic covers made of latex or polyvinyl chloride can stain easily

Question 33

activity specific prosthesis advantages

Answer 33

- allows enhanced function and task specific participation in a variety of activities - minimal harness or cabling - durable and low maintenance - reduces wear and tear on primary prosthesis

Question 34

activity specific prosthesis disadvantages

Answer 34

- does not provide active grasp - appropriate for specific tasks only, not for a broad range of functions

Question 35

pre prosthetic intervention

Answer 35

- change of dominance activities if needed - ROM of uninvolved joints - strengthening of joints proximal to amputation - prepare limb for prosthesis - desensitization - wrapping to shape and shrink residual limb - ADL training and education - decubiti prevention education - individualized treatment

Question 36

functional training with prosthesis

Answer 36

- functional training - donning and doffing prosthesis - increase prosthetic wearing tolerance - skin checks before and after wearing prosthesis - indidualized treatment

Question 37

treatment of LE amputations

Answer 37

- wrapping residual limb - desensitization - UE strengthening (focus on triceps) - transfers and functional ambulation - ADL training - standing tolerance - wheelchair mobility and residual limb support