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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 > Amylas > Flashcards

Amylas Flashcards

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1
Q

Measure the decrease in absorbance of a tubid starch

A

Turbidimetric

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2
Q

Simple and rapid

A

Turbidimetric

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3
Q

Disadvantage:
Poor precision in near normal activity of amylase
Inadequate subrate stability

A

Turbidimetric

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4
Q

Turbidimetric change is not linear to amylase activity, except the first _______ of the reaction

A

Two minutes

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5
Q

Amylase activity is measured by determining the time required for the amylase to completely hydrolyze all-iodine bound starch

A

Iodometric

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6
Q

Dark blue colored complex

A

Iodometric

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7
Q

Indication of the endpoint of iodometric method

A

Absence of blue starch-iodine color

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8
Q

Gives a blue color with iodine

A

Amylose

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9
Q

Forms a weak red color

A

Amylopectin

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10
Q

This is due to the helical configuration formed by amylose with iodine

A

Formation of blue color

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11
Q

In iodometric method, the blue color is obtained only when the overall chain length of amylose is greater than _________

A

45 glucose units

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12
Q

Acute pancreatitis
Rise: ?
Peak: ?
Return to normal: ?

A

R: 5-8h
P: 24h
Rtn: 3-5d

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13
Q

Based on the reduction of light scattering of substrate by amylose activity

A

Nephelometric

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14
Q

Nephelometric method has the advantage of (?)

A

Simplicity
Speed
Precision
Zero-order kinetics

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15
Q

Suitable for emergency purposes, results available less than three minutes

A

Nephelometric

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16
Q

Bench-working time and manipulation is minimal. Does not require blanking

A

Nephelometric

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17
Q

Nephelometric method standardization requires arbitrary standards such as (?)

A

Formazine

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18
Q

Major tissue sources of amylase

A

Pancreas and salivary glands

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19
Q

Minor tissue source of amylase

A

Small intestine
fallopian tubes
skeletal muscle

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20
Q

Amylase isoenzyme present in normal urine

A

P-type isoenzyme

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21
Q

S-type isoenzyme is present in (?) of normal serum

A

2/3

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22
Q

Separation basis of amylase determination

A

Physical characteristics/difference
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Iso-electric focusing
Immune inhibition
Immuno precipitation
Selective inhibition

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23
Q

Hydrolysis of starch to produce carbohydrates with reducing properties

A

Saccharogenic

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24
Q

In saccharogenic method, the activity of amylase if expressed by

A

Somogyi unit

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25
What is Somogyi unit
Expression on the number of milligrams of glucose released in 30mins at 37°C
26
Somogyi unit to IU
multiply by 1.85
27
A starch bound to dye is hydrolyzed by amylase
Chromogenic BASTA PAG DYE
28
Increasing color is proportional to anylase activity
CHROMOGENIC
29
Disappearance of starch substrate
Amyloclastic method
30
Measurement of amylase by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Fluorogenic method
31
Involves the use of fluorescein labelled amylose
Fluorescence depolarization methods
32
Basis of abbott TDX amylase assay
Fluorescence Depolarization Methods
33
Provides simple and sensitive direct assay but requires special instrumentation
Fluorescence Depolarization Method
34
PNPG7
p-nitrophenyl-D-maltoheptaoside
35
PNPG3
p-nitrophenylmaltotiose
36
PNPG1
p-nitrophenylglucoside
37
Uses radio labelled starch substrat for amylase activity determination
Radiometric method
38
Uses polyclonal antibodies to produce against salivary or pancreatic isoamylase as antigen
Immunologic method
39
Can be used for total amylase measurement
Immunologic methods
40
(Optimized at 37°C) Recommended reference method for amylase determination by IFCC
5 ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl glucosides as substrate
41
In the use if 2–chloro-P-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltotriose, the presence of (?) causes allosteric changes to amylase
Potassium thiocyanate
42
Specimen of choice in maylase determination
Unhemolyzed serum and heparinized plasma
43
These should nit be used as these will bind to calcium
Oxalate Citrate Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)
44
Stability of amylase in serum and in urine
One week at room temp Several months at 2-8°C (Urine) Decrease stability with pH less than 5
45
Increases the activity of pancreatic amylase in serum
Macroamylasemia
46
This type of sample will increase the amylase values
Lipemic sample (lipemia)
47
Bilirubin concentration (?) falsely increases amylase activity
>20mg/dL
48
This hormone will increase amylase activity
Insulin
49
Administration of (?) before sampling will lead to falsely increased amylase activity
Morphine and opiates
50
Contamination of sample with (1) should be avoided as these contain (2)
1 sweat and saliva 2 alpha-amylase
51
Linearity of amylase
1500 IU/L (exceeded linearity: dilute with equal vol of saline and rerun, result x 2)
52
Two major isoenzyme of amylase
Pancreatic (P) and Salivary (S) fractions
53
Differentiation of major isoenzyme includes selective inhibition of the S-AMY by what inhibitor
Wheat germ inhibitor
54
ACCR
Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio
55
Established as an index for screening acute pancreatitis
Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio
56
No longer employed becuase of its insensitivity and less specificity for Px with acute pancreatitis
Amylase-creatinine clearance ratio
57
How many absorbance is needed for amylase determination? What is the trend of absorbance?
5 absorbance Increasing trend
58
Long-unbranched polypeptide alpha 1,4- glycosidic branch
Amylose
59
Branched polypeptide Alpha 1,6-glycosidic branch
Amylopectin
60
Amylase determination methods
1 amyloclastic method a viscosimetric b turbidimetric c iodometric d nephelometric 2 saccharogenic method 3 chromogenic method 4 fluorogenic method 5 fluorescence depolarization method 6 radiometric method 7 immunologic method 8 other enzymatic method/ continous monitoring assays a use of alpha-glucosidase-hexokinase-G6PD system b use of 5 ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl glycosides as substrate c 2-chloro-p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D maltrotriose
61
Amylase is detemined by the formula: mean abs difference/ min x (?)
4824
62
Normal values of amylase
Serum: up to 96 IU/L Urine 18 - 330 IU/L
63
Sensitivity of amylase
5 IU/L
64
Activators of Amylase
Calcium and chloride ions

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY 2 (8 decks)

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