Drugs of Abuse Determination (Other Methods)

Question 1

Color test: The result is a purple-red color of the lower (chloroform) layer indicating the possible presence of cannabis

Answer 1

Fast Blue B Salt Test

Question 2

This is the first reagent on Fast Blue B Salt Test (include volume)

Answer 2

2.5 g of fast blue B salt mixed with 100 g of anhydrous
sodium sulfate

Question 3

This is the second reagent on Fast Blue B Salt Test and how many drops?

Answer 3

chloroform

Question 4

This is the third reagent on Fast Blue B Salt Test (include volume)

Answer 4

0.1 N Sodium hydroxide solution

Question 5

Color test: The result is violet color of the lower (chloroform) layer indicates the possible presence of cannabis

Answer 5

Duquenois-Levine Test

Question 6

This is the first reagent on Duquenois-Levine Test (include volume)

Answer 6

(2 ml)
2 grams of vanillin in 100 ml of 95% ethanol with 2.5 ml acetaldehyde
(shake the test tube for one minute)

Question 7

This is the second reagent on Duquenois-Levine Test (include volume)

Answer 7

2 ml of the second reagent (concentrated hydrochloric acid) and shake the test tube a few seconds, then allow the test tube to stand for a few minutes

Question 8

This is the third reagent on Duquenois-Levine Test (include volume)

Answer 8

(2 ml) Chloroform
(shake the mixture gently)

Question 9

The duration (minutes) of the color development in Duquenois-Levine Test before the addition of third reagent

Answer 9

2-3 minutes

Question 10

Method that is only presumptive

Answer 10

Color test

Question 11

Method which the Positive result should be confirmed by another test

Answer 11

Color test/Manualmethod

Question 12

This method is used for preliminary screening

Answer 12

Immunoassay method

Question 13

This method is based on an antibody-antigen reaction where small amounts of the drug or metabolite(s) can be detected.

Answer 13

Immunoassay method

Question 14

In the immunoassay method, antibodies are tagged with markers. What are these markers stated in the module?

Answer 14

Enzyme
Radio isotope
Fluorescence

Question 15

This is sometimes used as a screening method, although
it is a more labor-intensive approach.

Answer 15

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

Question 16

This detects the major metabolite of THC (9-carboxy-THC) in urine, along with probable cross-reactivity to many of the other metabolites of THC and their glucuronide conjugates known to be excreted in urine.

Answer 16

Immunoassay method

Question 17

These are generally the methods of choice for the initial screening assay

Answer 17

Immunoassay method

Question 18

Immunoassay method: This is a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique

Answer 18

EMIT Cannabinoid Assay/EMIT

Question 19

Immunoassay method: This is based on competition between drug in the specimen and drug labeled with the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) for antibody binding sites

Answer 19

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique (EMIT)

Question 20

Immunoassay method: This is used for the analysis of specific compounds in human urine

Answer 20

EMIT

Question 21

EMIT: A specimen that gives a change in rate value equal to or higher than the rate of the selected cutoff calibrator level (20 ng/mL) is interpreted as

Answer 21

Positive

Question 22

EMIT: A specimen that gives a change in rate value lower than the rate of the selected cutoff calibrator level (20 ng/mL) is interpreted as

Answer 22

Negative

Question 23

EMIT: Cutoff calibrator level (value)

Answer 23

20 ng/mL

Question 24

Causes an absorbance change in EMIT

Answer 24

when NAD is converted into NADH by active enzyme

Question 25

EMIT: positive specimen

Answer 25

contain cannabinoid

Question 26

EMIT: negative specimen

Answer 26

do not contain cannabinoids,

Question 27

Endogenous serum enzyme that does not cause interferences in EMIT

Answer 27

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH)

Question 28

One of the most sensitive and most specific methods of immuneassays

Answer 28

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Question 29

Immunoassay method: It involves the competitive binding of radio-labeled THC and the patient’s THC which are both specific to a high-affinity Anti-THC antibody.

Answer 29

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Question 30

Sensitivity range of RIA

Answer 30

0.0006–0.006 μg antibody/ml

Question 31

Immunoassay method: This is based on the competition between THC and a THC–fluorescein tracer for a THC-specific antibody

Answer 31

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA)

Question 32

FPIA: When a fluorophore in solution is exposed to plane-polarized light at its excitation wavelength, the resulting emission is

Answer 32

depolarized

Question 33

FPIA: Depolarization results from the motion of the fluorophore during the process of

Answer 33

Excitation Emission

Question 34

FPIA: the more depolarized the resulting emission, the more rapid the motion of the fluorophore is (T/F)

Answer 34

F, its the other way around

Question 35

A commercially prepared THC is linked covalently to the fluorophore to make a fluorescent tracer

Answer 35

FPIA

Question 36

In the ____ of THC, the antibody binds to the tracer, restricting its motion and causing a high polarization

Answer 36

ABSENCE

Question 37

In the ____ of THC → less of the tracer is bound to the antibody and a greater fraction exists unbound in solution, in which the polarization is less

Answer 37

PRESENCE

Question 38

FPIA: The polarization value is directly proportional to the THC concentration in the sample (T/F)

Answer 38

F, inversely

Question 39

This is the main outcome of the chromatographic method

Answer 39

Separation of a mixture

Question 40

The chromatography methods in current use can separate and detect more specifically

Answer 40

9-carboxy-THC

Question 41

Chromatography method: Confirmation methods for 9-carboxy-THC include:

Answer 41

GLC HPLC TLC

Question 42

Chromatography method: The confirmation methods for 9-carboxy-THC are subjected to interference from ____

Answer 42

co-eluting substances

Question 43

Chromatography method: One of the most widely employed approaches for the analysis of cannabinoids in plant materials

Answer 43

Gas chromatography

Question 44

Chromatography method: Operates at very high temperatures

Answer 44

Gas chromatography

Question 45

Gas chromatography operates at very high temperatures, which unavoidably leads to the _____ of the cannabinoids

Answer 45

Decarboxylation

Question 46

Carrier gas in gas chromatography

Answer 46

Helium Nitrogen

Question 47

This is where the detection takes place in gas chromatography

Answer 47

at the end of the heated column

Question 48

2 reasons why the substance to be analyzed in gas chromatography is often "derivatized"

Answer 48

(1) to make it volatile (2) to change its chromatographic characteristics

Question 49

This is a form of column chromatography that pumps a sample mixture or analyte in a solvent (known as the mobile phase) at high pressure through a column with chromatographic packing material (stationary phase)

Answer 49

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Question 50

In HPLC, the sample is carried by a moving carrier gas stream of

Answer 50

Helium or Nitrogen

Question 51

This chromatography method has the ability to separate, and identify compounds that are present in any sample that can be dissolved in a liquid in trace concentrations as low as parts per trillion

Answer 51

HPLC

Question 52

HPLC requires a gas under high pressure to be used to flush the column (T/F)

Answer 52

F, liquid not gas

Question 53

HPLC: Sample retention time will vary depending on the interaction between (?)

Answer 53

(1) the stationary phase (2) the molecules being analyzed (3) solvents used.

Question 54

HPLC: Characteristics of an analyte to exit the column faster

Answer 54

(1) have the LEAST amount of interaction with the STATIONARY phase (2) the MOST amount of interaction with the MOBILE phase

Question 55

HPLC: Instrumentions

Answer 55

○ Solvent reservoir/multiple reservoir ○ High-pressure pump ○ Column ○ Injector system ○ Detectors

Question 56

This typically measure UV light absorbance, which can be associated with specific molecules

Answer 56

HPLC detectors

Question 57

Chromatography method: This typically measures UV light absorbance, which can be associated with specific molecules

Answer 57

Thin Layer Chromatography

Question 58

In TLC, visual evaluation is obtained by dipping the

Answer 58

TLC plate into aqueous FBB solution

Question 59

Chromatography method: This method can be applied to both polar and nonpolar C18 silica gel plates

Answer 59

Thin Layer Chromatography

Question 60

Provides opposite elution order of the cannabinoids

Answer 60

C18 silica gel plates

Question 61

Limitations of Thin Layer Chromatography

Answer 61

Low sensitivity Low specificity

Question 62

Gold standard

Answer 62

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Question 63

Combination of the two sophisticated technologies

Answer 63

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Question 64

This is the method of choice for substances that are difficult to volatilize.

Answer 64

HPLC/MS

Question 65

Advantages of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Answer 65

sensitive specific able to identify all types of drugs in any body fluid