ANACHEM LEC

Question 1

The methods or the techniques for chemical analysis are developed by analytical scientist or analysis to accomplish this task.

Answer 1

Analytical Techniques

Question 2

For choosing suitable techniques, the analyst has to keep in mind the following object:

Answer 2

• Type of samples to be analyzed
• Information sought
• Accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity of the instrument

Question 3

The performance of an analysis will depend on the following:

Answer 3

• Experience of the analyst
• Availability of the equipment
• Preparation of the sample for analysis
• Time and Cost involved in the analysis

Question 4

A method to be called an analytical technique should be based on the measurement of a property, which is related to either the nature or the amount of the substance under examination.

Answer 4

Classification of Analytical Techniques

Question 5

The property, which depends on the nature of the substances

Answer 5

Qualitative Analysis

Question 6

The property which depends on the amount of the substances

Answer 6

Quantitative Analysis

Question 7

It is belong to the broad type of analysis called the quantitative analysis

Answer 7

Chemical methods of analysis

Question 8

is an accurate macro-analysis procedure which mainly depends upon precipitation of an iconic or molecular substance based on a chemical reaction.

Answer 8

 Gravimetry

Question 9

also known as volumetric analysis, the amount of the analyte can also be determined by measurement of the volume.

Answer 9

 Volumetry

Question 10

also known as electroanalytical method defined as one, in which an electrochemical property of a solution.

Answer 10

Electrical methods of analysis

Question 11

Analytical method based on the measurement of potential difference across an electrochemical.

Answer 11

 Potentiometry

Question 12

It is generally applied to the detection of equivalence point of titration and method.

Answer 12

 Amperometry

Question 13

its an electroactive species is consumed (oxidized or reduced) only at the surface layer of the indicator electrode in an electrolytic cell.

Answer 13

 Voltammetry

Question 14

based on the measurement of the quantity of electricity are designated.

Answer 14

 Coulometry

Question 15

the measurement of conductance (the reciprocal of the resistance) can sometimes be useful in chemical analysis.

Answer 15

 Conductometry and High Frequency Methods

Question 16

it is called spectroscopic method analysis.

Answer 16

• Optical methods of analysis

Question 17

– it depends on the electromagnetic radiation produced when the analyte is excited by thermal.

Answer 17

 Emission Spectroscopy

Question 18

 based on the measurement of the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by matter.

Answer 18

 Absorption Spectroscopy

Question 19

– Involve measurement of absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation.

Answer 19

 Ultraviolet and Visible Absorption Spectroscopy

Question 20

involves the absorption of infrared radiation, depending on increasing the energy of vibration or rotation associated with a covalent bond.

Answer 20

 Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

Question 21

The energy of the photons of incident radiation absorbed and changes the absorbing species to excited state.

Answer 21

 Fluorophotometry

Question 22

re-emission of radiation can be immediately (< 10-8 sec) after the absorption.

Answer 22

 Fluorescence

Question 23

it is where determinations are made by measuring opacity of suspension of small particles.

Answer 23

 Turbidimetry and Nephelometry

Question 24

involves the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a liquid (solution) following Raman effect (scattering with charge of wavelength)

Answer 24

 Raman Spectroscopy

Question 25

– Can provide analytical information based on nuclear properties.

Answer 25

* Nuclear radiation methods of analysis

Question 26

* Nuclear radiation methods of analysis – Can provide analytical information based on nuclear properties. Involves:

Answer 26

 Radiochemical Methods  Radiometric Methods  Isotopic Dilution Methods  Activation Analysis  Mossbauer Spectroscopy  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy  Mass Spectrometry

Question 27

Name of the method Radiochemical methods what is the property measured of Radiochemical methods

Answer 27

Radioactivity

Question 28

Name of the method Radiochemical methods what is the mechanism involved of Radiochemical methods

Answer 28

Radioactive disintegration of radioisotopes can be measured with high sensitivity and specificity.

Question 29

Name of the method Mossbauer spectroscopy what is the property measured

Answer 29

Rasonance absorption of y-rays

Question 30

Name of the method Mossbauer spectroscopy what is the mechanism involved?

Answer 30

Resonance fluorescence of y-rays and involves intranuclear energy levels

Question 31

Name of the method Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy what is the property measured?

Answer 31

position of signals (chemical shift) and their intensity in NMR spectrum

Question 32

Name of the method Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy what is the mechanism involved?

Answer 32

Interaction of quantized nuclear spin with an applied magnetic field

Question 33

Name of the method Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy what is the mechanism involved?

Answer 33

Mass to change ratio of ionized atoms or molecules

Question 34

Some property of the system is measured as a function or temperature.

Answer 34

* Thermal methods of analysis

Question 35

* Thermal methods of analysis – Some property of the system is measured as a function or temperature. Involves:

Answer 35

 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)  Derivative Thermo-Gravimetry (DTG)  Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)  Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DCS)  Thermometric Enthalpy Titrations (TET)

Question 36

TGA name of the method

Answer 36

Thermogravimetric Analysis PROPERTY MEASURED -CHANGE IN WEIGHT AS A FUNCTION OF -TEMP. INSTRUMENT -THERMOBALANCE

Question 37

DTG NAME OF THE METHOD

Answer 37

DERIVATIVE THERMOGRAVIMETRY PROPERTY MEASURED - RATE OF CHANGE IN WEIGHT AS A FUNCTION OF - TEMP. INSTRUMENT -THERMOBALANCE

Question 38

DTA NAME OF THE METHOD

Answer 38

DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS PROPERTY MEASURED -HEAT ABSORBED OR EVOLVED AS A FUNCTION OF - TEMP INSTRUMENT - DTA APPARATUS

Question 39

DSC NAME OF THE METHOD PROPERTY MEASURED

Answer 39

DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY PROPERTY MEASURED -THERMAL TRANSITION AS A FUNCTION OF - TEMP. CHANGE INSTRUMENT - DSC CELL

Question 40

TET NAME OF THE METHOD

Answer 40

THERMOMETRIC ENTHALPY TITRATIONS PROPERTY MEASURED - TEMP. CHANGE AS A FUNCTION OF -VOLUME OF TITRANT INSTRUMENT -TITRATION CALORIMETER

Question 41

Separation methods of analysis Involves: is a multistage separation process in which the sample is applied on a stationary phase over which a mobile phase is percolated.

Answer 41

 Chromatography

Question 42

Separation methods of analysis Involves: A desired solute can be isolated/extracted by distributing it between two immiscible liquids.

Answer 42

 Solvent Extraction

Question 43

Separation methods of analysis Involves: is a stoichiometric process in which a solid (insoluble) material, known as ion exchanger, meets an electrolyte solution.

Answer 43

 Ion Exchanges

Question 44

Separation methods of analysis Involves: The movement of charged particles in the influence of an electric field.

Answer 44

 Electrophoresis

Question 45

Classical methods

Answer 45

 Precipitation  Distillation  Sublimation  Formation of complexes

Question 46

Modern methods

Answer 46

 Chromatography  Solvent Extraction  Ion Exchanges  Electrophoresis