Anaemia Drugs - Ferrous Sulphate Flashcards
Anaemia is the a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy erythrocytes, which are immature RBCs. To stimulate proerythroblast in the bone marrow, which organ secretes most of the erythropoietin in the body?
1 - heart
2 - bone
3 - liver
4 - kidney
4 - kidney
RBCs contain a protein called haemoglobin. Each haemoglobin contains 4 heme molecules. What is contained at the centre of the heme molecules?
1 - Ca2+
2 - Mg2+
3 - iron
4 - vitamin B1
3 - iron
- important for binding to O2
- each haemoglobin can bind 4 molecules of O2
The state of iron when it binds with and without O2 changes. Match the iron state when O2 is and is not bound?
- Fe3+
- Fe2+
- bound O2 = Fe3+
- unbound O2 = Fe2+
Our diets contain 2 forms of iron,
- heme iron (meats) = Fe2+ iron is already bound to haemoglobin
- non-heme iron (vegetables) = Fe3+ as not bound to haemoglobin
When we eat and the foods get digested, is all iron converted into Fe2+ or Fe3+?
- Fe2+
Our diets contain 2 forms of iron,
- heme iron (meats) = Fe2+ iron is already bound to haemoglobin
- non-heme iron (vegetables) = Fe3+ as not bound to haemoglobin
Once digested, all iron is converted into Fe2+ in the duodenal cells. Iron then binds to what?
1 - transferrin
2 - ferritin
3 - feroportin
4 - hepcidin
2 - ferritin
- if needed Fe2+ iron is released into the blood
- hepastin converts Fe2+ into Fe3+ in the blood
Once release from ferritin into the blood, Fe2+ iron is converted into Fe3+ by hephaestin. The Fe3+ then binds to what iron transporter to be transported to tissues in the body?
1 - transferrin
2 - ferritin
3 - feroportin
4 - hepcidin
1 - transferrin
- ferritin is present in tissues to store the Fe3+
There are lots of causes of anaemia, which is the most common?
1 - B12 deficiency
2 - anaemia of chronic disease
3 - iron deficiency anaemia
4 - sickle cell anaemia
3 - iron deficiency anaemia
Which of the following are causes of iron deficiency anaemia?
1 - low iron intake
2 - reduced iron absorption
3 - iron loss
4 - increased iron demand
5 - all of the above
5 - all of the above
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is a test to measures the average size of RBCs. This can be:
- microcytic = small (<75fl)
- macrocytic = large (>96fl)
- normacytic = 80-96fL
Which of the above does iron deficiency anaemia lead to?
- microcytic = small (<75fl)
Why does iron deficiency anaemia lead to microcytic anaemia (<75fl, normal is 79-96)?
1 - low erythropoietin
2 - low haemoglobin
3 - high haemoglobin
4 - high ferritin
2 - low haemoglobin
- normal haemoglobin:
males = 130-180
female = 115-165
- not enough haemoglobin means bone marrow jus makes small RBCs
Which of the following is given to patients with iron deficiency anaemia?
1 - ferrous sulphate
2 - thiamine
3 - folic acid
4 - vitamin B12
1 - ferrous sulphate
What is the indication for ferrous sulphate?
1 - vitamin K deficiency
2 - normocytic anaemia
3 - iron deficiency anaemia
4 - megablastic anaemia
3 - iron deficiency anaemia
- prophylactic and therapeutic
Ferrous sulphate is given to patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Which of the following can help with the absorption of ferrous sulphate?
1 - alcohol
2 - grapefruit juice
3 - wine
4 - orange juice
4 - orange juice
- acidity increases absorption
- hydrochloric acid is the normal way iron is digested
All of the following are adverse events of ferrous sulphate. Which is the most common?
1 - nausea
2 - constipation
3 - diarrhoea
4 - epigastric pain
5 - injection site irritation and hypersensitivity if given via IV
2 - constipation
in atopic patients, caution should be used when prescribing ferrous sulphate
Ferrous sulphate may exacerbate which of the following symptoms?
1 - IBD
2 - IBS
3 - coeliac disease
4 - diverticular disease
5 - intestinal stricture
6 - all of the above
6 - all of the above
