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Bacteriology Lectures > Anaerobes (from chart) > Flashcards

Anaerobes (from chart) Flashcards

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1
Q

General features of anaerobes

A
  • Mixed infections
  • remove toxic O2 forms
  • fermentation
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2
Q

Anaerobes live at _____

A

low redox potential (generated by other organisms)

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3
Q

Anaerobes produce ______

A

abcesses

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4
Q

Anaerobes (general) virulence factors?

A
  • Normal flora that enter unprotected areas
  • anaerobiosis either exits or generated by other organisms
  • tissue destructive enzymes -> abcesses
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5
Q

Common anaerobic abcesses…

A
  1. Abdominal
  2. Salpingitis
  3. Lung
  4. URT
  5. Brain
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6
Q

All anaerobic organisms

A
  1. Bacterioides fragillis
  2. Prevotella melaninogenica
  3. Porphyromonas gingivalis
  4. Fusobacterium
  5. Peptostreptococcus
  6. Propionibacterium
  7. Clostridium (bot, tet, perf, diff)
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7
Q

Anaerobic Gram Negative bacteria

A

Bacterioides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium

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8
Q

Anaerobic Gram Positive bacteria

A

Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, Clostriduim

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9
Q

Anaerobe bacteria treatment

A

Drainage*

PenG

Metronidazole and Clindamycin

*Drainage allows O2 in

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10
Q

PenG not given to _____ and _____

Because they are ______________

A

Bacterioides and Prevotella

Beta-Lactam resistant

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11
Q

2nd line Antibiotics for Anaerobes

A

2nd and 3rd gen Cephalosporins and Carbapenems

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12
Q

Bacterioides Structure

A

Gram - Rod

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13
Q

Bacterioides features

A

60% of abdominal bacteria

Can live as monoculture

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14
Q

Bacterioides clinical

A
  • Colonic
  • 70% of anaerobic bacteremia

Most common

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15
Q

Bacterioides virulence

A
  1. Antiphagocytic capsule
  2. Enzyme production
  3. LPS
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16
Q

Bacterioides enzymes

A
  • SOD and Catalase
  • Neuraminidase and Heparinase
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17
Q

Prevotella Structure

A

Gram - Coccobacillus

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18
Q

Prevotella clinical

A
  • Oral
  • Brain and Lung abcesses
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19
Q

Prevotella enzymes

A

Collagenase

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20
Q

Porphyromonas structure

A

Gram - Rod

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21
Q

Porphyromonas Clinical

A
  • Oral
  • Gingivitis
  • Oral Abscess
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22
Q

Carriers of Porphyromonas

A

Warm and moist areas

-Axilla, groin, perineum

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23
Q

Fusobacterium structure

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram - fusiform

24
Q

Fusibacterium locations

Study These Flashcards
A

Oral and Colonic

25
Fusibacterium Clinical
Infectious monoculture in **osteomyelitis**
26
Peptostreptococcus structure
Gram + coccus
27
Peptostreptococcus locations
**Bacteremia** Pleura/lungs
28
Propionibacterium acnes structure
Gram + *pleiomorphic* rod
29
Propionibacterium location
**-Skin** (acne) -Brain (abcess)
30
Clostridium Structure
Gram + rounded ends in **pairs** or short **chains**
31
Clostridium bacteria are _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
**Spore**-formers _Strict_ anaerobes
32
C. Botulinum clinical features
**Flaccid paralysis** (descending)\* -Dysphagia, Diplopia, Ptosis \**Starts with Cranial Nerves*
33
C. Botulinum Carriers
- Home-_canned_ foods - _Honey_ (floppy baby syndrome) - Wounds
34
C. Botulinum Serotypes
A, B, E
35
C. Botulinum virulence
_AB Neurotoxin_ - B binds to **Motor Neuron End plate** - A prevents **ACH vesicle fusion**
36
C. tetani incubation time
4d - 4 w
37
C. tetani clinical
_Rigid_ paralysis - trismus, ophisthotonos - death- from spasm interefering with respiration
38
C. tetani carriers
Spores from **penetrating** fomites Umbilical stump in **neonatal** tetanus
39
C. tetani virulence
_AB neurotoxin_\* * B binds to NMJ * A retrograde transported to presynaptic inhibitory neuron * Inhibit GABA release *\*plasmid encoded _tetanospasmin_*
40
C. perfringens features
5 **histotoxic** strains Others cause **myonecrosis**
41
C. Sordelli causes...
Postpartum infection
42
C. perfringens incubation
1-3 days infected wound suppurating
43
C. perfringens clinical
Foul discharge, necrosis, **toxemia**, shock, death
44
C. perfringens can also cause \_\_\_\_\_
Enteritis Necroticans (food poisioning) \*\*if ingested orally
45
C. perfringens carriers
**spores** (in food poisioning) **Injury** to tissues **Ischemia** (anoxic environment) \**Polymicrobial* if others use O2 to reduce oxygen presence
46
C. perfringens virulence factors
a-toxin *(phospholipase)* b-toxin *(enteritis necroticans)* Hyaluronidase Enterotoxin
47
C. perfringens virulence effects
Leukocytosis gas fermentation--\> tissue distension--\> vascular compression--\> ischemia--\> necrosis--\> toxemia
48
C. diff incubation
4-10 days secondary to Rx treatment
49
Drugs that carry C. diff risk
Broad spec **clindamycin** prolonged use of **PPI**
50
C. diff clinical
May affect entirety or part of **colon** *(= early watery diarrhea)* **_Pseudomembrane_** -- leukocytes penetrate gut epithelium and form white-yellow exudate
51
C. diff carriers/origin
_Normal flora_ (impt for **Treg development**) _Antibiotics_ (disrupt flora) DIsseminated in _diarrhea_ _Nosocomial_ -- 94%
52
C. botulinum Tx
**_Trivalent_** *(ABE)* **or** **_Polyvalent_** **Antitoxin** immediately _NO AB_ because not infection
53
C tetani vaccine
Tdap + boosters
54
C. tetani Tx
-**TIg** antitoxin *(early!)* --Tracheostomy - Muscle relaxant *(MgSO4)* - **Metronidazole**
55
C. perfringens Tx
Amputation & Debridement _Penicillin_, _Metronizadole_, _Clindamycin_
56
C. diff Tx
1. Stop Antibiotic, replinish flora 2. fluids 3. **Anti-Toxin B Antibodies** 4. _Vancomycin_, _Metronidazole_ 5. Fidaxomicin 6. Fecal replacement therapy

Bacteriology Lectures (14 decks)

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