Anaesthetics & pain Flashcards
(20 cards)
Induction agent used in asthma patients
Ketamine due to bronchodilatory effects
MOA of ketamine
NMDA receptor antagonist
MOA of propofol
enhance GABA inhibitory neurotransmission
Contraindication to suxamethonium
Hyperkalaemia or at risk of
Overdamping of an arterial line does what to the SBP/DBP/ MAP
Underestimation of the systolic blood pressure
Overestimation of the diastolic blood pressure
No impact on MAP
Underdamping of an arterial line does what to the SBP/DBP/ MAP
Overestimation of the systolic blood pressure
Underestimation of diastolic blood pressure
Arterial wave form
Top line
Bottom line
Notch
Downward slope
Elevation of the baseline on capnography means?
Insufficient expiratory time
Shark fin waveform capnography means?
Obstruction of expiratory circuit
Presence of foreign body in the upper airway
Kinked or occluded artificial airway
Main reason for the use of muscle relaxant in RSI
Improve view of the larynx
Types of muscle relaxants
Suxamethonium
Rocuronium
Depol = ACh receptor agonists (this is why anticholinesterase doesn’t work)
Non-depol = competitive antagonists to ACh
How to calculate tube size for children (>1yr)
(Age/4)+4
Max dose of lidocaine mg/kg
w/ adrenaline
3mg (maximum 200 mg)
7mg (maximum 500mg)
Paediatric pain management dosing
Intranasal diamorphine
intravenous morphine
paracetamol
ibuprofen
codeine
oral morphine
0.1 mg/kg in 0.2 ml sterile water
0.1-0.2 mg/kg
20mg/kg
10mg/kg
only 12+, 1mg/kg
0.2-0.5 mg/kg
Pain scales to be used in children
Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
Numeric rating scale
Behavioural scale
How much 1% lidocaine does 1ml contain?
1 ml of plain 1% lidocaine solution contains 10 mg of lidocaine hydrochloride.
Entonox is what mix of O2 & NO2 ?
Entonox is a 50/50 mix of oxygen and nitrous oxide
How long does entonox work after it’s stopped being inhaled?
60 secs
The following are contraindications to the use of Entonox:
Reduced conscious level
Diving injury
Pneumothorax
Middle ear disease
Sinus disease
Bowel obstruction
Documented allergy to nitrous oxide
Hypoxia
Violent/disabled psychiatric patients
Thiopentol MOA
Thiopental sodium binds at a distinct binding site associated with a chloride ionophore at the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the chloride ionophore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged.
