Analgesics

Question 1

Opioid Analgesics

Medications

Answer 1

Morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl

Question 2

Oxycodone

Nursing Considerations

Answer 2

Peak is 30-60 minutes, duration 4-6 hours; dont give if respirations less than 12; avoid alcohol use and CNS depressants

Question 3

Oxycodone

Side Effects

Answer 3

drowsiness, sedation, N/V/A, respiratory depression, constipation, confusion, HA, rash, euphoria, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations

Question 4

Oxycodone

Indication

Answer 4

treatment of moderate to severe pain

Question 5

Morphine

Nursing Considerations

Answer 5

onset about 10-15 min, peak about 30 min, duration 2-6 hours; monitor for increased respiratory/CNS depression; caution with cimetidine, clomipramine, nortriptyline, and amitriptyline

Question 6

Morphine

Side effects

Answer 6

respiratory depression, sedation, euphoria, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, diaphoresis, urticaria

Question 7

Morphine

Indication

Answer 7

treatment of severe pain

Question 8

Methadone

Nursing Considerations

Answer 8

onset 30-60 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 4-6 hours; don’t give if respirations <12, avoid alcohol and CNS depressants

Question 9

Methadone

Side Effects

Answer 9

drowsiness, sedation, N/V/A, respiratory depression, constipation, cramps, orthostatic hypotension, confusion, HA, rash, arrythmias, agitation

Question 10

Methadone

Indication

Answer 10

Treatment of severe pain &
Detoxification/management of narcotic addiction

Question 11

Merperidine

Nursing Considerations

Answer 11

onset 10-15 min, peak 30-60 min, duration 2-4 hours; avoid alcohol and CNS depressants, don’t give if respirations <12, don’t coinfuse with barbiturates, aminophylline, heparin, morphine, methicillin, phenytion, sodium bicarbonate, sulfadiazine, or sulfisoxazole

Question 12

Meperidine

Side effects

Answer 12

drowsiness, sedation, respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, confusion, HA, euphoria, bradycardia, diaphoresis, urticaria

Question 13

Meperidine

Indication

Answer 13

treatment of moderate to severe pain

Question 14

Hydromorphone

Nursing Considerations

Answer 14

onset 10-30 min, peak 15-60 min, duration 2-6 hours; avoid alcohol and CNS depressants, don’t give if respirations are <12, elderly patients receive lower dose

Question 15

Hydromorphone

Side Effects

Answer 15

drowsiness, sedation, N/V/A, respiratory depression, constipation, cramps, orthostatic hypotension, confusion, HA, rash

Question 16

Hydromorphone

Indication

Answer 16

Treatment of moderate to severe pain &
Nonproductive cough

Question 17

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen

Nursing Considerations

Answer 17

Caution in patients with pulmonary considerations; addictive CNS depression can result if combined with CNS depressants or alcohol; avoid alcohol; can be habit-forming

Question 18

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen

Side Effects

Answer 18

dizziness, drowsiness, N/V/C, respiratory depression, sedation, rash, pruritus, palpitations, impairment of mental and physical performance

Question 19

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen

Indication

Answer 19

treatment to moderate to severe pain

Question 20

Codeine

Nursing Considerations

Answer 20

onset 10-45 min, peak 30-120 min, duration 4-6 hours; avoid alcohol and CNS depressants; don’t give if respirations <12

Question 21

Codeine

Side effects

Answer 21

Drowsiness, sedation, N/V/A, respiratory depression, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, dysuria, dyspnea, seizures, bradycardia

Question 22

Codeine

Indication

Answer 22

Treatment of moderate to severe pain &
Nonproductive cough

Question 23

Buprenorphine/Naloxone

Nursing Considerations

Answer 23

avoid hazardous activities; avoid alcohol and CNS depressants; onset 1-15 min, peak 5-60 min

Question 24

Buprenorphine/Naloxone

Side Effects

Answer 24

Drowsiness, sleepiness, itching, rash, blurred vision, palpitations, tachycardia, HA, mental changes, hepatotoxicity, respiratory depression

Question 25

# Buprenorphine/Naloxone Indication

Answer 25

Management of severe pain & Treatment of opioid dependence

Question 26

# Tramadol Nursing Considerations

Answer 26

give with antiemetic for N/V; may cause serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 27

# Tramadol Side Effects

Answer 27

Dizziness, confusion, HA, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal ECG, visual disturbances, N/V, GI bleeding, urinary retention/frequency, rash, respiratory depression

Question 28

# Tramadol Indication

Answer 28

Managment of moderate to severe pain & Chronic pain

Question 29

# Naproxen Nursing Considerations

Answer 29

increased risk of hypersensitivity with asthma, ASA hypersensitivity, or nasal polyps; contact provider if blurred vision or ringing in ears; contact provider if black stools, flulike symptoms, changes in urinary pattern, increased weight, edema, pain in joints, fever, hematuria; avoid use with ASA, steroids, and alcohol; increased risk for MI and stroke

Question 30

# Naproxen Indication/Usage

Answer 30

Treatment of RA, OA, and primary dysmenorrhea & Treatment of mild to moderate pain & Reduction of inflammation

Question 31

# Naproxen Side Effects

Answer 31

GI bleeding, blood dyscrasia, tinnitus, insomnia, vision changes, rash, angioedema, jaundice, tachycardia, N/V/D

Question 32

# Ibuprofen Nursing Considerations

Answer 32

onset 30 min, peak 1-2 hours; take with food/milk; contact provider if ringing in ears, changes in urinary pattern, increased weight, edema, increased pain in joints, fever, hematuria; use sunscreen to prevent photosensitivty; avoid use of ASA, NSAIDs, alcohol, and anticoagulants

Question 33

# Ibuprofen Side effects

Answer 33

HA, tinnitus, N/A, dizziness, blood dyscrasias, constipation, GI bleeding

Question 34

# Ibuprofen Indication

Answer 34

Treatment of mild to moderate pain & Reduction of inflammation

Question 35

# Celecoxib Nursing Considerations

Answer 35

onset 24-48 hours, duration 12-24 hours; don't take if allergic to sulfonamides, aspirin or NSAIDs

Question 36

# Celecoxib Side Effects

Answer 36

fatigue, anxiety, depression, nervousness, N/V/A/C, dry mouth, dyspnea, back pain, tachycardia, dysuria, palpitations

Question 37

# Celecoxib Indication

Answer 37

Managment of arthritis pain & Relief of primary dysmenorrhea pain within 60 minutes

Question 38

# Aspirin Nursing Considerations

Answer 38

onset 15-30 minutes, peak 1-2 hours, duration 2-6 hours; discard tablets if vinegar-like smell; check for liver damage, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice, itching, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea; with arthritis, give 30 min before exercise and expect 2 weeks for full effect; don't give to children or teens with flulike symptoms (Reyes Syndrome)

Question 39

# Aspirin Side effects

Answer 39

N/V, rash, dyspnea, tinnitus, GI bleeding

Question 40

# Aspirin Indication

Answer 40

Management of mild to moderate pain/fever and TIA & Prophylaxis of MI, ischemic stroke, and angina

Question 41

# Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine Nursing Considerations

Answer 41

don't give to children or teens with flulike symptoms (Reyes Syndrome); watch for symptoms of stomach bleeding or liver problems

Question 42

# Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine Side Effects

Answer 42

Upset stomach, heartburn, depressed mood, anxious/restless feelings, insomnia

Question 43

# Acetaminophen/Aspirin/Caffeine Indication

Answer 43

treatment of mild to moderate pain/fever

Question 44

# Acetaminophen Nursing Considerations

Answer 44

onset 1-2 hours, peak 30-120 min, duration 4-6 hours; take with full glass of water; can take with food/milk; look for signs of chronic poisoning with rapid/weak pulse, dyspnea, cold/clammy extremities; look for signs of chronic overdose with bleeding, bruising, malaise, fever, sore throat, anorexia, jaundice

Question 45

# Acetaminophen Side effects

Answer 45

anemia, liver/kidney failure, dyspnea, angioedema, hives, itching

Question 46

# Acetaminophen Indication

Answer 46

treatment of mild pain/fever